What is the Iroquois History and Legends Podcast and what will we be discussing?  

What is the Iroquois History and Legends Podcast and what will we be discussing?

00 An Introduction

The Five Nations of the Iroquois were locked in centuries of war, revenge killings, hate and cannibalism. Then a mysterious Huron man appeared on a quest to unite the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples together under the Great Law of Peace.  This would become the Iroquois Confederacy.  A Native American government with equal rights and a representative government that left Europeans in bewilderment. These are the histories and legends of the Haudenosaunee.  The People of the Longhouse.   Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World (The Iroquois and Their Neighbors) 2005 by  William Engelbrecht Seneca Myths and Folk Tales by Arthur C. Parker Kayanlaˀ Kówa – Great Law of Peace -The Peace Maker &amp; Hiawatha - Traditional Haudenosaunee oral history.

The Five Nations of the Iroquois were locked in centuries of war, revenge killings, hate and cannibalism. Then a mysterious Huron man appeared on a quest to unite the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga and Seneca peoples together under the Great Law of Peace.  This would become the Iroquois Confederacy.  A Native American government with equal rights and a representative government that left Europeans in bewilderment. These are the histories and legends of the Haudenosaunee.  The People of the Longhouse. Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World (The Iroquois and Their Neighbors) 2005 by <a href="https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&amp;text=William+Engelbrecht&amp;search-alias=books&amp;field-author=William+Engelbrecht&amp;sort=relevancerank" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> William Engelbrecht</a> <a href="https://archive.org/details/senecamythsfolkt00park" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Seneca Myths and Folk Tales</a> by Arthur C. Parker Kayanlaˀ Kówa – Great Law of Peace -The Peace Maker &amp; Hiawatha - Traditional Haudenosaunee oral history.

01 The Peacemaker

We explore the mechanics of the Iroquois Councils.  A system of protocols, title offices and a separation of powers that has been followed for centuries.   Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World (The Iroquois and Their Neighbors)  2005 by  William Engelbrecht GAYANASHAGOWA (Great Law of Peace) - Haudenosaunee Constitution attributed to Dekanawidah the Peacemaker

We explore the mechanics of the Iroquois Councils.  A system of protocols, title offices and a separation of powers that has been followed for centuries.   Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World (The Iroquois and Their Neighbors)  2005 by <a href="https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1?ie=UTF8&amp;text=William+Engelbrecht&amp;search-alias=books&amp;field-author=William+Engelbrecht&amp;sort=relevancerank" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> William Engelbrecht</a> GAYANASHAGOWA (Great Law of Peace) - Haudenosaunee Constitution attributed to Dekanawidah the Peacemaker

02 The First American Constitution

The Six Nations are further broken down into clans.  Clans are represented by certain animals.  The purpose is not to divide a nation but in fact to bring about unity and help in times of mourning.  Join us as we learn how clans were a benefit to everyone in Iroquoia. Sources- How the Clans were Chosen - Oneida Nation Oral History Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector GAYANASHAGOWA (The Great Law of Peace) - Haudenosaunee Constitiution

The Six Nations are further broken down into clans.  Clans are represented by certain animals.  The purpose is not to divide a nation but in fact to bring about unity and help in times of mourning.  Join us as we learn how clans were a benefit to everyone in Iroquoia. Sources- How the Clans were Chosen - Oneida Nation Oral History Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector GAYANASHAGOWA (The Great Law of Peace) - Haudenosaunee Constitiution

03 Family Matters

The Three Sisters are Corn, Beans and Squash.  Not only are they well balanced varieties of vegetables they also work together in symbiosis.  We discuss agriculture, food gathering and storage.  Sources- Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants by Arthur C. Parker Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht &amp; Caleb Rector Skywoman: Legends of the Iroquois by Joanne Shenandoah

The Three Sisters are Corn, Beans and Squash.  Not only are they well balanced varieties of vegetables they also work together in symbiosis.  We discuss agriculture, food gathering and storage.  Sources- <a href="https://archive.org/details/iroquoisusesofma00parkrich" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants</a> by Arthur C. Parker Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht &amp; Caleb Rector Skywoman: Legends of the Iroquois by Joanne Shenandoah

04 The Three Sisters

Pastimes that people do on the weekends was a way of life for the people of the Eastern Woodlands.  Learn about the animals that were vital to the way of life in all Iroquoia. Today we will talk about deer drives, fishing, beaver trapping and .... bear raising? Sources- Voyages de la Nouvelle France by Samuel de Champlain Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants by Arthur C. Parker 1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN

Pastimes that people do on the weekends was a way of life for the people of the Eastern Woodlands.  Learn about the animals that were vital to the way of life in all Iroquoia. Today we will talk about deer drives, fishing, beaver trapping and .... bear raising? Sources- Voyages de la Nouvelle France by Samuel de Champlain Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector <a href="https://archive.org/details/iroquoisusesofma00parkrich" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants</a> by Arthur C. Parker <a href="https://www.amazon.com/1491-Revelations-Americas-Before-Columbus/dp/1400032059" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN</a>

05 Hunting and Fishing

The Six Nations were not alone on the continent. There were many other nationalities that inhabited the north eastern woodlands. This week we will talk about where the Huron, Erie, Neutrals, Susquehannock, Mahican, Delaware and other nations lived at the time of first contact with the Europeans.   Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON 1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN

The Six Nations were not alone on the continent. There were many other nationalities that inhabited the north eastern woodlands. This week we will talk about where the Huron, Erie, Neutrals, Susquehannock, Mahican, Delaware and other nations lived at the time of first contact with the Europeans.   Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Iroquois-Diplomacy-American-Frontier-Penguin/dp/0143115294" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/1491-Revelations-Americas-Before-Columbus/dp/1400032059" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN</a>

06 Native Neighbors

At the end of the 15th Century the  Age of Discovery and Exploration was just beginning. In 1534 Jacques Cartier made contact  with  the  Iroquoian peoples of the St. Lawrence River valley. It was all downhill from there.  In fact  things will  never be the same. Old World pathogens  will soon destroy anyone's way of life who happens to call the Americas home. Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector THE JESUITS IN NORTH AMERICA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BY FRANCIS PARKMEN IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON 1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN

At the end of the 15th Century the  Age of Discovery and Exploration was just beginning. In 1534 Jacques Cartier made contact  with  the  Iroquoian peoples of the St. Lawrence River valley. It was all downhill from there.  In fact  things will  never be the same. Old World pathogens  will soon destroy anyone's way of life who happens to call the Americas home. Sources- Iroquoia: The Development of a Native World: Iroquois &amp; Their Neighbors by William Engelbrecht and Caleb Rector <a href="https://archive.org/details/jesuitsinnortha02parkgoog" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE JESUITS IN NORTH AMERICA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BY FRANCIS PARKMEN</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Iroquois-Diplomacy-American-Frontier-Penguin/dp/0143115294" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/1491-Revelations-Americas-Before-Columbus/dp/1400032059" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN</a>

07 The Dawn of Doomsday - Jacques Cartier

To the Haudenosaunee stories are a vital part of their culture.  In this show we will share two of them.  Turtle's Race with Beaver and How Bear Lost His Tail.  Sources - Inspired by Traditional Seneca stories as told in SKUNNY WUNDY: SENECA INDIAN TALES BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER

To the Haudenosaunee stories are a vital part of their culture.  In this show we will share two of them.  Turtle's Race with Beaver and How Bear Lost His Tail.  Sources - Inspired by Traditional Seneca stories as told in <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Skunny-Wundy-Seneca-Iroquois-Neighbors/dp/0815602928" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">SKUNNY WUNDY: SENECA INDIAN TALES BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER</a>

Legends 1 - Turtle's Race with Beaver / How Bear Lost His Tail

Warfare was a way of life for everyone living in Northeastern America since before there was memory or record.  Today we talk about how warfare was conducted pre-European contact.  Also with the waves of epidemics destroying native populations the Iroquois Nations stepped up raids into neighboring regions looking for captives to assimilate into their communities. Sources: IROQUOIA: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIVE WORLD BY WILLIAM ENGELBRECHT IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON 1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN CHAMPLAIN'S DREAM BY DAVID HACKETT FISCHER

Warfare was a way of life for everyone living in Northeastern America since before there was memory or record.  Today we talk about how warfare was conducted pre-European contact.  Also with the waves of epidemics destroying native populations the Iroquois Nations stepped up raids into neighboring regions looking for captives to assimilate into their communities. Sources: <a>IROQUOIA: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIVE WORLD BY WILLIAM ENGELBRECHT</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Iroquois-Diplomacy-American-Frontier-Penguin/dp/0143115294" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/1491-Revelations-Americas-Before-Columbus/dp/1400032059" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Champlains-Dream-David-Hackett-Fischer/dp/1416593330" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">CHAMPLAIN'S DREAM BY DAVID HACKETT FISCHER</a>

08 Mourning Wars

The Iroquois Confederacy.  An Indigenous North American civilization  with equal rights and representative government that left Europeans in bewilderment. Their influence affected the American free spirit and the modern day woman's rights movement.  This show covers the culture, histories and legends of the Haudenosaunee.  The People of the Longhouse.

Love this program.  Very insightful.  I’m learning so much.

Iroquois

Outstanding

Iroquois History and Legends

It could be said that Ely Parker was the most famous Seneca man of the 19th Century. The grandnephew of Red Jacket became a teenage diplomat, interpreter, aspiring lawyer, domestic engineer and Sachem all before the age of 30. The crazy thing is, that is not at all what he is remembered for. Later in life he would become a General in the Civil War, a Wall Street broker and the first Indigenous person ever to be the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. In this episode we look at the early years of Ely S. Parker. References: The Life of General Ely S. Parker by Arthur C. Parker  https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00W0LEWL0/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&amp;btkr=1 Warrior in Two Camps by William Armstrong   https://www.amazon.com/Warrior-Camps-Iroquois-Their-Neighbors/dp/0815624956 American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by John Meacham  https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001FA0JSM/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&amp;btkr=1

It could be said that Ely Parker was the most famous Seneca man of the 19th Century. The grandnephew of Red Jacket became a teenage diplomat, interpreter, aspiring lawyer, domestic engineer and Sachem all before the age of 30. The crazy thing is, that is not at all what he is remembered for. Later in life he would become a General in the Civil War, a Wall Street broker and the first Indigenous person ever to be the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. In this episode we look at the early years of Ely S. Parker. References: The Life of General Ely S. Parker by Arthur C. Parker <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00W0LEWL0/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&amp;btkr=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00W0LEWL0/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&amp;btkr=1</a> Warrior in Two Camps by William Armstrong  <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Warrior-Camps-Iroquois-Their-Neighbors/dp/0815624956" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.amazon.com/Warrior-Camps-Iroquois-Their-Neighbors/dp/0815624956</a> American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by John Meacham <a href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001FA0JSM/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&amp;btkr=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001FA0JSM/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&amp;btkr=1</a>

57 Ely Parker | Part 1 | Teenage Diplomat

The Year is 1753 and the French, English, and the Mingo Iroquois are about to light a powder keg that will turn into a world war.  A 21 year old soldier sets out to deliver a message with an Iroquois Viceroy to a French Fort. Sources: THE WAR THAT MADE AMERICA BY FRED ANDERSON GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT BY DAVID L. PRESTON THE JOURNAL OF MAJOR GEORGE WASHINGTON BY GEORGE WASHINGTON

The Year is 1753 and the French, English, and the Mingo Iroquois are about to light a powder keg that will turn into a world war.  A 21 year old soldier sets out to deliver a message with an Iroquois Viceroy to a French Fort. Sources: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z1VgZ1qM-NQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=the+war+that+made+america&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwinzOioqsHTAhVp4YMKHV2IBuYQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&amp;q=the%20war%20that%20made%20america&amp;f=false" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE WAR THAT MADE AMERICA BY FRED ANDERSON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Guyasuta-Indian-America-Brady-Crytzer/dp/1594162441" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sdEkCQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=braddock%27s+defeat&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjm06vf6uXSAhUW-GMKHRLKAecQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&amp;q=braddock's%20defeat&amp;f=false" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT BY DAVID L. PRESTON</a> <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-journal-of-major-george-washington/" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE JOURNAL OF MAJOR GEORGE WASHINGTON BY GEORGE WASHINGTON</a>

26 The French and Indian War I: George Washington and the Half-King

John Norton

In this episode we give the background on how the native peoples of the American Continent dealt with the Euro-Americans during the first decade of the 19th Century.  New leaders will rise.  John Norton, a Scottish-Cherokee who became a Mohawk and Tecumseh a Shawnee leader who had a vision to unite all tribes together to save their people from extinction.    Sources: The Journal of Major John Norton, 1816 The Iroquois in the War of 1812 by Carl Benn  The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict by  Donald R Hickey

In this episode we give the background on how the native peoples of the American Continent dealt with the Euro-Americans during the first decade of the 19th Century.  New leaders will rise.  John Norton, a Scottish-Cherokee who became a Mohawk and Tecumseh a Shawnee leader who had a vision to unite all tribes together to save their people from extinction.  Sources: The Journal of Major John Norton, 1816 The Iroquois in the War of 1812 by Carl Benn The War of 1812: A Forgotten Conflict by <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Donald-R-Hickey/e/B001ITW0L4/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Donald R Hickey</a>

53 The War of 1812 | Part 1 | Tecumseh & John Norton

Queenston Heights

In the fall of 1812 thousands of American forces gathered on the Niagara River to attack Upper Canada.  But 80 Members of the Six Nations of Grand River made sure that the invaders didn't get very far.  

In the fall of 1812 thousands of American forces gathered on the Niagara River to attack Upper Canada.  But 80 Members of the Six Nations of Grand River made sure that the invaders didn't get very far.

54 The War of 1812 | Part 2 | Queenston Heights

Stories the Iroquois Tell Their Children by Mabel Powers (Yehsennohwehs) [1917].   Recorded with Ezra Guite Cotter and Ethan Cotter. It was some moons after the raccoon outwitted fox, before they again met. The raccoon was hurrying by, when fox saw him. Now the fox had not forgotten the trick the raccoon had played on him when he burned his mouth with what he thought was magic pawpaws.  But it was really a fire ball.   So the fox started after the raccoon. He was gaining, and would have caught him, had they not come to a tall pine tree. The raccoon ran to the very tiptop of the pine tree.  “Try and get me up here Fox”, said raccoon There he was safe, for the fox could not climb. The fox lay down on the soft pine needles and waited for the raccoon to come down. The raccoon stayed up in the pine tree so long that the fox grew tired and sleepy. He closed his eyes and thought he would take a short nap. The raccoon watched, until he saw that the fox was sound asleep.  Raccoon sat on the tree for a long while and when he tired to move he noticed that his paws were sticky. And then he smiled and said to himself, “I know how to deal with fox”   Then he took in his mouth some of the sap from the pine tree. He ran down the tree and quietly rubbed the pitch over the eyes of the sleeping fox. The fox awoke. He sprang up and tried to seize the raccoon, but, alas! he could not see what he was doing. The lids of his eyes were held fast with the pine tar. He could not open them.   The raccoon laughed at the fox's plight, then ran and left him. Try and catch me now fox! Said raccoon The fox lay for some time under the tree. The pine gum, as it dried, held the lids of his eyes closer and closer shut. He thought he should never again see the sun. Some birds were singing near by. He called them, and told them of his plight. He asked if they would be so kind as to pick open his eyes. The birds flew off and told the other birds.  Come and help us Soon many of the little dark songsters flew back to where the fox lay. Then peck, peck, peck, went the little bills on the eyelids of the fox. Bit by bit they carefully pecked away the pine gum. If one grew tired, another bird would take its place.   At last the fox saw a streak of light. Soon the lid of one eye flew open, then the other. The sun was shining, and the world looked very beautiful to the fox, as he opened his eyes. He was very grateful to the little birds for bringing him light. He told them to ask what they would, and he would give it to them. The little birds said,    "We do not like the dark feathers which the Turkey Buzzard gave us. We want to look like the sun”   The fox looked about him. Beautiful sunflowers were growing near. He pressed some of the bright yellow color from them, and with the tip of his tail as a brush, he began to paint the dark little birds like the sun. The birds fluttered so with joy, he thought he would paint the bodies first. Before he could brush the wings and tails with the sun paint, each little bird had darted away, like a streak of sunshine.  Thank you, Thank you So happy and light of heart were the birds, that they could not wait for the fox to finish the painting. This is why goldfinches are yellow like the sun. It is why they have black wings and tails, why they flutter so with joy, and why they never finish their song.       

Stories the Iroquois Tell Their Children by Mabel Powers (Yehsennohwehs) [1917].   Recorded with Ezra Guite Cotter and Ethan Cotter. It was some moons after the raccoon outwitted fox, before they again met. The raccoon was hurrying by, when fox saw him. Now the fox had not forgotten the trick the raccoon had played on him when he burned his mouth with what he thought was magic pawpaws.  But it was really a fire ball. So the fox started after the raccoon. He was gaining, and would have caught him, had they not come to a tall pine tree. The raccoon ran to the very tiptop of the pine tree.  “Try and get me up here Fox”, said raccoon There he was safe, for the fox could not climb. The fox lay down on the soft pine needles and waited for the raccoon to come down. The raccoon stayed up in the pine tree so long that the fox grew tired and sleepy. He closed his eyes and thought he would take a short nap. The raccoon watched, until he saw that the fox was sound asleep.  Raccoon sat on the tree for a long while and when he tired to move he noticed that his paws were sticky. And then he smiled and said to himself, “I know how to deal with fox” Then he took in his mouth some of the sap from the pine tree. He ran down the tree and quietly rubbed the pitch over the eyes of the sleeping fox. The fox awoke. He sprang up and tried to seize the raccoon, but, alas! he could not see what he was doing. The lids of his eyes were held fast with the pine tar. He could not open them. The raccoon laughed at the fox's plight, then ran and left him. Try and catch me now fox! Said raccoon The fox lay for some time under the tree. The pine gum, as it dried, held the lids of his eyes closer and closer shut. He thought he should never again see the sun. Some birds were singing near by. He called them, and told them of his plight. He asked if they would be so kind as to pick open his eyes. The birds flew off and told the other birds.  Come and help us Soon many of the little dark songsters flew back to where the fox lay. Then peck, peck, peck, went the little bills on the eyelids of the fox. Bit by bit they carefully pecked away the pine gum. If one grew tired, another bird would take its place. At last the fox saw a streak of light. Soon the lid of one eye flew open, then the other. The sun was shining, and the world looked very beautiful to the fox, as he opened his eyes. He was very grateful to the little birds for bringing him light. He told them to ask what they would, and he would give it to them. The little birds said,  "We do not like the dark feathers which the Turkey Buzzard gave us. We want to look like the sun” The fox looked about him. Beautiful sunflowers were growing near. He pressed some of the bright yellow color from them, and with the tip of his tail as a brush, he began to paint the dark little birds like the sun. The birds fluttered so with joy, he thought he would paint the bodies first. Before he could brush the wings and tails with the sun paint, each little bird had darted away, like a streak of sunshine.  Thank you, Thank you So happy and light of heart were the birds, that they could not wait for the fox to finish the painting. This is why goldfinches are yellow like the sun. It is why they have black wings and tails, why they flutter so with joy, and why they never finish their song.

Legends 11 Why Goldfinches Look Like the Sun

Following the American Revolution dozens of Indigenous Nations are left to fend for themselves as British support evaporated.  But from 1791 to 1792 the Ohio peoples would win battle after battle and not just win in those conflicts but wipeout entire American Armies. Sources: The Presidentail Papers of President George Washington The Papers of Sec. of War Henry Knox GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS

Following the American Revolution dozens of Indigenous Nations are left to fend for themselves as British support evaporated.  But from 1791 to 1792 the Ohio peoples would win battle after battle and not just win in those conflicts but wipeout entire American Armies. Sources: <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-journal-of-major-george-washington/" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">The Presidentail Papers of President George Washington</a> The Papers of Sec. of War Henry Knox <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Guyasuta-Indian-America-Brady-Crytzer/dp/1594162441" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER</a> <a href="https://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol18/no15/simongirty.html" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS</a>

47 The Northwest Indian War 1785-1795

Simon Girty

Simon Girty was a man larger than life.  To Americans he was a vile traitor who killed the innocent with his savage friends. To the British he was a rough drunk but a useful tool.  To the Iroquois and other Ohio Nations he was a prodigal son who was raised as a Brave and then returned to fight for his adopted people's freedom.   NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA BY THOMAS JEFFERSON GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS

Simon Girty was a man larger than life.  To Americans he was a vile traitor who killed the innocent with his savage friends. To the British he was a rough drunk but a useful tool.  To the Iroquois and other Ohio Nations he was a prodigal son who was raised as a Brave and then returned to fight for his adopted people's freedom. <a>NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA BY THOMAS JEFFERSON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Guyasuta-Indian-America-Brady-Crytzer/dp/1594162441" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER</a> <a href="https://umanitoba.ca/outreach/cm/vol18/no15/simongirty.html" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">SIMON GIRTY - WILDERNESS WARRIOR BY EDWARD BUTTS</a>

46 Simon Girty the White Savage

Otetiani, also called Sagoyewatha was born into the Wolf Clan in the Seneca Nation around 1750.  His remarkable 80 years was filled with on goal.  To always advocate on behalf of his people.  This is part one in a two part series. Sources: An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON WITH MUSKET &amp; TOMAHAWK VOLUME II BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ

Otetiani, also called Sagoyewatha was born into the Wolf Clan in the Seneca Nation around 1750.  His remarkable 80 years was filled with on goal.  To always advocate on behalf of his people.  This is part one in a two part series. Sources: An Account of Sa-go-ye-wat-ha, Or Red Jacket, and His People, 1750-1830 By John Niles Hubbard <a href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE CANADIAN ENCYCLOPEDIA</a> <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000622241" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON</a> <a>WITH MUSKET &amp; TOMAHAWK VOLUME II BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ</a>

49 The Life of Red Jacket Part I

Braddock was defeated in Western Pennsylvania in 1755.  The same time that he was bleeding out, two other armies were making their way through Iroquois territory towards French forts.  Will they do any better?  This week we cover how the Mohawk were involved in the Battle of Lake George and the Fall of Fort Bull. Sources: THE WAR THAT MADE AMERICA BY FRED ANDERSON GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON

Braddock was defeated in Western Pennsylvania in 1755.  The same time that he was bleeding out, two other armies were making their way through Iroquois territory towards French forts.  Will they do any better?  This week we cover how the Mohawk were involved in the Battle of Lake George and the Fall of Fort Bull. Sources: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z1VgZ1qM-NQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=the+war+that+made+america&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwinzOioqsHTAhVp4YMKHV2IBuYQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&amp;q=the%20war%20that%20made%20america&amp;f=false" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE WAR THAT MADE AMERICA BY FRED ANDERSON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Guyasuta-Indian-America-Brady-Crytzer/dp/1594162441" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER</a> <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000622241" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON</a>

28 The French and Indian War III: Mohawks and Tomahawks

In 1687 Governor Denonville of New France invaded the Seneca Nation.  His goal was to destroy the Western door of the Haudenosaunee.  Will the Five Nations survive this European onslaught? Sources: Ganondagan State Historic Site www.ganondagan.com WAR AGAINST THE SENECA: THE FRENCH EXPEDITION OF 1687 BY JOHN MOHAWK IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON

In 1687 Governor Denonville of New France invaded the Seneca Nation.  His goal was to destroy the Western door of the Haudenosaunee.  Will the Five Nations survive this European onslaught? Sources: Ganondagan State Historic Site <a href="http://www.ganondagan.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.ganondagan.com</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/War-against-Seneca-French-expedition/dp/B0007263RK" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">WAR AGAINST THE SENECA: THE FRENCH EXPEDITION OF 1687 BY JOHN MOHAWK</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Iroquois-Diplomacy-American-Frontier-Penguin/dp/0143115294" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON</a>

19 The War of the French and the Seneca

British General Edward Braddock launches an invasion into the Ohio Country in Summer of 1755.  His aide George Washington is with him every step of the way.  Despite a force of 2,100 English. He only is able to find 8 Mingo-Iroquois to join him.  A lack of scouts will prove to be his doom. Sources: THE WAR THAT MADE AMERICA BY FRED ANDERSON GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT BY DAVID L. PRESTON THE JOURNAL OF MAJOR GEORGE WASHINGTON BY GEORGE WASHINGTON

British General Edward Braddock launches an invasion into the Ohio Country in Summer of 1755.  His aide George Washington is with him every step of the way.  Despite a force of 2,100 English. He only is able to find 8 Mingo-Iroquois to join him.  A lack of scouts will prove to be his doom. Sources: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z1VgZ1qM-NQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=the+war+that+made+america&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwinzOioqsHTAhVp4YMKHV2IBuYQ6AEIIzAA#v=onepage&amp;q=the%20war%20that%20made%20america&amp;f=false" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE WAR THAT MADE AMERICA BY FRED ANDERSON</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Guyasuta-Indian-America-Brady-Crytzer/dp/1594162441" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER</a> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sdEkCQAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=braddock%27s+defeat&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjm06vf6uXSAhUW-GMKHRLKAecQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&amp;q=braddock's%20defeat&amp;f=false" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT BY DAVID L. PRESTON</a> <a href="http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/the-journal-of-major-george-washington/" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE JOURNAL OF MAJOR GEORGE WASHINGTON BY GEORGE WASHINGTON</a>

27 The French and Indian War II: Braddock's Defeat

Following the American-Oneida victory at Fort Stanwix rifts grow deeper within the Six Nations.  Over three-hundred members of the Haudenosaunee gather at Albany for a Conference.  Just as it finishes however word arrives that Burgoyne's British army has crossed the Hudson River at Saratoga.  Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin WITH MUSKET &amp; TOMAHAWK VOLUMES 1, 2 &amp; 3 BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ 

Following the American-Oneida victory at Fort Stanwix rifts grow deeper within the Six Nations.  Over three-hundred members of the Haudenosaunee gather at Albany for a Conference.  Just as it finishes however word arrives that Burgoyne's British army has crossed the Hudson River at Saratoga. Sources: GUYASUTA AND THE FALL OF INDIAN AMERICA BY BRADY J. CRYTZER Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin WITH MUSKET &amp; TOMAHAWK VOLUMES 1, 2 &amp; 3 BY MICHAEL O. LOGUSZ

40 The American Revolution V: Saratoga

This is an interview that Andrew did in 2018 on the One Dish, One Mic radio show. The name comes from the idea of One Dish and One Spoon. An ancient concept going back at least to the foundation or the Haudenosaunee Confederacy itself. Sean Vanderklis (Mississauga) and Karl Dockstader (Oneida) were gracious enough to give us permission to let us air this on our channel. http://1dish1mic.com

This is an interview that Andrew did in 2018 on the One Dish, One Mic radio show. The name comes from the idea of One Dish and One Spoon. An ancient concept going back at least to the foundation or the Haudenosaunee Confederacy itself. Sean Vanderklis (Mississauga) and Karl Dockstader (Oneida) were gracious enough to give us permission to let us air this on our channel. <a href="http://1dish1mic.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://1dish1mic.com</a>

One Dish, One Spoon

General Washington gave command to John Sullivan in 1779 to outfit and lead an expedition into the Seneca-Cayuga homeland.  It will be a scorched earth campaign that will leave almost the entire population of both the Seneca and Cayuga Nations homeless. Destitute of any food or clothing thousands will head to Fort Niagara for shelter.    Sources: Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin The Papers of General George Washington Joseph Brant, 1743-1807, Man of Two Worlds By Isabel Thompson Kelsay Journal of General John Sullivan

General Washington gave command to John Sullivan in 1779 to outfit and lead an expedition into the Seneca-Cayuga homeland.  It will be a scorched earth campaign that will leave almost the entire population of both the Seneca and Cayuga Nations homeless. Destitute of any food or clothing thousands will head to Fort Niagara for shelter.   Sources: Forgotten Allies: The Oneida Indians and the American Revolution by Joseph T. Glatthaar and James Kirby Martin The Papers of General George Washington Joseph Brant, 1743-1807, Man of Two Worlds By Isabel Thompson Kelsay Journal of General John Sullivan

43 The American Revolution VIII: The Sullivan Expedition 

We begin our series on the American Revolution.  We discuss some of the influences the Six Nations had on the Founding Fathers were leading up to 1776.  Also we say goodbye to Sir William Johnson and see the rise of two Mohawk siblings known as Joseph and Molly Brant. Sources: THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON 1774 Minutes of the Second Contitential Congress 1776 IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON

We begin our series on the American Revolution.  We discuss some of the influences the Six Nations had on the Founding Fathers were leading up to 1776.  Also we say goodbye to Sir William Johnson and see the rise of two Mohawk siblings known as Joseph and Molly Brant. Sources: <a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000622241" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">THE PAPERS OF SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON BY WILLIAM JOHNSON 1774</a> Minutes of the Second Contitential Congress 1776 <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Iroquois-Diplomacy-American-Frontier-Penguin/dp/0143115294" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">IROQUOIS DIPLOMACY ON THE EARLY AMERICAN FRONTIER BY TIMOTHY J. SHANNON</a>

36 The American Revolution I: Founding Grandfathers

This episode covers how Northeastern Native American Peoples used innovative technology in their everyday lives.  We cover longhouses, palisades, canoes, pitch, tanning, snowshoes, trail markers, beds and much more.  As well as... baby bottles. Sources: IROQUOIA: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIVE WORLD BY WILLIAM ENGELBRECHT 1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN IROQUOIS USES OF MAIZE AND OTHER FOOD PLANTS BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER Ganondagan State Historic Site

This episode covers how Northeastern Native American Peoples used innovative technology in their everyday lives.  We cover longhouses, palisades, canoes, pitch, tanning, snowshoes, trail markers, beds and much more.  As well as... baby bottles. Sources: <a>IROQUOIA: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIVE WORLD BY WILLIAM ENGELBRECHT</a> <a href="https://www.amazon.com/1491-Revelations-Americas-Before-Columbus/dp/1400032059" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">1491: NEW REVELATIONS OF THE AMERICAS BEFORE COLUMBUS BY CHARLES MANN</a> <a href="https://archive.org/details/iroquoisusesofma00parkrich" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">IROQUOIS USES OF MAIZE AND OTHER FOOD PLANTS BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER</a> Ganondagan State Historic Site

18 Native American Technology

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