Amy Klein

Please join me for a discussion of the patient side of fertility treatment with author and journalist Amy Klein about her book "The Trying Game: Get Through Fertility Treatment and Get Pregnant Without Losing Your Mind".

Please join me for a discussion of the patient side of fertility treatment with author and journalist Amy Klein about her book "<a href="http://thetryinggamebook.com" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Trying Game: Get Through Fertility Treatment and Get Pregnant Without Losing Your Mind</a>".

73: Interview with Amy Klein

In this episode we dive into the world of insulins and the management of preexisting diabetes in pregnancy.   feedback@obgyn.fm  Uteroplacental blood flow in diabetic pregnancy: Measurements with iridium 113m and a computer-linked gamma camera. L. Nylund et al. AJOG. 1982 Pre-existing diabetes, maternal glycated haemoglobin, and the risks of fetal and infant death: a population-based study . P. Tennant et al. Diabetologia. 2014 Large for Gestational Age Neonates: Antrhopometric Reasons for Shoulder Dystocia. H. Mondanlou et al. Obset &amp; Gynecology 1982 Shoulder Dystocia: Incidence and Risk Factors. Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology. 2016 History of Insulin. C. Quianzon et al. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2012  Insulin Analogues. I. Hirsch. NEJM. 2005 Insulin requirements during labor: a reappraisal. AJOG. 1982 Insulin and glucose requirements during the first stage of labor in insulin-dependent diabetic women. AJM. 1983 The use of continuous insulin infusion for the peripartum management of pregnant diabetic women. AJOG. 1978 Peripartum metabolic control in gestational diabetes. AJOG 2010 Constant intravenous insulin infusion during labor and delivery in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1982   Labor Insulin Drip Protocol

In this episode we dive into the world of insulins and the management of preexisting diabetes in pregnancy. feedback@obgyn.fm <ul> <li>Uteroplacental blood flow in diabetic pregnancy: Measurements with iridium 113m and a computer-linked gamma camera. L. Nylund et al. AJOG. 1982</li> <li>Pre-existing diabetes, maternal glycated haemoglobin, and the risks of fetal and infant death: a population-based study . P. Tennant et al. Diabetologia. 2014</li> <li>Large for Gestational Age Neonates: Antrhopometric Reasons for Shoulder Dystocia. H. Mondanlou et al. Obset &amp; Gynecology 1982</li> <li>Shoulder Dystocia: Incidence and Risk Factors. Clinical Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology. 2016</li> <li>History of Insulin. C. Quianzon et al. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2012 </li> <li>Insulin Analogues. I. Hirsch. NEJM. 2005</li> <li>Insulin requirements during labor: a reappraisal. AJOG. 1982</li> <li>Insulin and glucose requirements during the first stage of labor in insulin-dependent diabetic women. AJM. 1983</li> <li>The use of continuous insulin infusion for the peripartum management of pregnant diabetic women. AJOG. 1978</li> <li>Peripartum metabolic control in gestational diabetes. AJOG 2010</li> <li>Constant intravenous insulin infusion during labor and delivery in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1982</li> </ul> <a href="https://content.wellspan.org/CPOE/Service%20Line%20Folders/Women%20and%20Children/OB%20Insulin%20Drip%20Study%20Protocol%20B%20Clinical%20Trial.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Labor Insulin Drip Protocol</a>

72: Diabetes in Pregnancy - Part 2

Drs. Jillian Kurtz &amp; Vai Umesh join me to discuss fertility equality.   Drs. Jillian Kurtz &amp; Vai Umesh join me to discuss fertility equality. feedback@obgyn.fm Discord Server  The Fight for Fertility Equality - NYT  How Much does IVF Really Cost?  CNY Fertility  West Coast Surrogacy

Drs. Jillian Kurtz &amp; Vai Umesh join me to discuss fertility equality. Drs. Jillian Kurtz &amp; Vai Umesh join me to discuss fertility equality. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <a href="https://discord.gg/Y8pbsRC" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Discord Server</a> <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/style/lgbtq-fertility-surrogacy-coverage.html?referringSource=articleShare" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> The Fight for Fertility Equality - NYT</a> <a href="https://www.verywellfamily.com/how-much-does-ivf-cost-1960212" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> How Much does IVF Really Cost?</a> <a href="https://www.cnyfertility.com/ivf-cost/#the-average-cost-of-ivf-billed-by-the-fertility-clinic-12-000" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> CNY Fertility</a> <a href="https://www.westcoastsurrogacy.com/surrogate-program-for-intended-parents/surrogate-mother-cost" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> West Coast Surrogacy</a>

71: Fertility Equality

Join us as we discuss "Intra-abdominal Irrigation at Cesarean Delivery" from a the Green Journal in 2012.   Guests: Dr. Jerry Ballas &amp; Dr. Heather Link feedback@obgyn.fm

Join us as we discuss "<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22617574/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Intra-abdominal Irrigation at Cesarean Delivery</a>" from a the Green Journal in 2012. Guests: Dr. Jerry Ballas &amp; Dr. Heather Link feedback@obgyn.fm

70: Journal Club - July 2020

Dr. Jillian Kurtz walks us through an evidence-based approach to infertility.

Dr. Jillian Kurtz walks us through an evidence-based approach to infertility.

69: Infertility Work-Up

Join myself and Dr. Jerry Ballas to discuss what life has been like for us as Ob/Gyn's in the last 6 months. We delve into what COVID has done to our units and give some tips on how to protect ourselves.   OB Leadership - CoVID Response

Join myself and Dr. Jerry Ballas to discuss what life has been like for us as Ob/Gyn's in the last 6 months. We delve into what COVID has done to our units and give some tips on how to protect ourselves. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/136487614433794" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">OB Leadership - CoVID Response</a>

68: Life in the time of COVID

Dr. Heather Link joins me to discuss maternal mortality in Lousiana.  Racial Inequities in Preventable Pregnancy-Related Deaths in Louisiana, 2011–2016  louisiana maternal mortality review report 2011-2016

Dr. Heather Link joins me to discuss maternal mortality in Lousiana. <a href="https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2020/02000/Racial_Inequities_in_Preventable_Pregnancy_Related.6.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Racial Inequities in Preventable Pregnancy-Related Deaths in Louisiana, 2011–2016</a> <a href="http://ldh.la.gov/assets/oph/Center-PHCH/Center-PH/maternal/2011-2016_MMR_Report_FINAL.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> louisiana maternal mortality review report 2011-2016</a>

67: Maternal Mortality - Part 3

Drs. Jillian Kurtz and Caiyun Liao join me to discuss "Association Between Fertility Treatment and Cancer RIsk in Children" published 12/19 in JAMA

Drs. Jillian Kurtz and Caiyun Liao join me to discuss "<a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2757228?utm_campaign=articlePDF%26utm_medium%3darticlePDFlink%26utm_source%3darticlePDF%26utm_content%3djama.2019.18037" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Association Between Fertility Treatment and Cancer RIsk in Children</a>" published 12/19 in JAMA

66: Journal Club January 2020

Dr. Ballas joins me to discuss the PROLONG trial and discuss the role of progesterone in the prevention of preterm birth.    PROLONG Trial

Dr. Ballas joins me to discuss the PROLONG trial and discuss the role of progesterone in the prevention of preterm birth. <a href="https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0038-1642062" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> PROLONG Trial</a>

65: Progesterone to Prevent Preterm Birth

Join us to discuss the changes in postpartum care and how we can help better support women.    ACOG Bulletin

Join us to discuss the changes in postpartum care and how we can help better support women. <a href="https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Optimizing-Postpartum-Care" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> ACOG Bulletin</a>

64: The 4th Trimester w/ Drs. Ballas and Zawisza

A podcast dedicated to bringing you assessable information about topics in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Discovered this at the 2019 NPA Conference and am grateful for this thoughtful and informative commentary on women’s health topics.

Love this podcast!

Really enjoying the podcast, especially the episodes that delve into the history behind these topics (ie PID, contraceptives) which is fascinating!!

Great!

The Ob/Gyn Podcast

Dr. Sara Kim discusses the etiology, diagnosis, and management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Website  Slack  Patreon feedback@obgyn.fm  Fast, B., &amp; Roulston, T. (1963). Idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy. Am J Obstetrics and Gynecology, 314-320. Geenes, V., &amp; Williamson, C. (2009). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2049-2066. Gynecologists, R. C. (2011). Obstetric Cholestasis. Jurate, K., Rimantas, Z., Jolanta, S., Vladas, G., &amp; Limas, K. (2017). Sensitivity and specificity of biochemical tests for diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Annals of Hepatology, 569-573. Kenyon, A., Piercy, C. N., Girling, J., Williamson, C., RM, T., &amp; Shennan, A. (2002). Obstetric cholestasis, outcome with active management: a series of 70 cases. BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 282-288 Lammert, F., Marschall, H.-U., Glantz, A., &amp; Matern, S. (2000). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Journal of Hepatology, 1012-1021. Lindor, K., &amp; Lee, R. (2018). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Retrieved from UptoDate: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy?search=cholestasis%20of%20pregnancy&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=1~59&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=1 Pusl, T., &amp; Beuers, U. (2007). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.  

Dr. Sara Kim discusses the etiology, diagnosis, and management of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. <a href="http://www.obgyn.fm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Website</a> <a href="https://theobgynpodcast.slack.com/join/shared_invite/enQtMzk3MTY4ODIwMDM0LTQ3ZWE2ZTYzZDI0ODYyMWM5Yzg5NTFjOWI5OTg1NTc0NTIzNTMyZDUxNmVlOWVmMDg2ZjgwODAwYzIwODMyM2Y" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Slack</a> <a href="https://www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=10125594&amp;redirect_uri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.obgyn.fm%2Fsupport%2F&amp;utm_medium=widget" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Patreon</a> <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ol> <li>Fast, B., &amp; Roulston, T. (1963). Idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy. Am J Obstetrics and Gynecology, 314-320.</li> <li>Geenes, V., &amp; Williamson, C. (2009). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2049-2066.</li> <li>Gynecologists, R. C. (2011). Obstetric Cholestasis.</li> <li>Jurate, K., Rimantas, Z., Jolanta, S., Vladas, G., &amp; Limas, K. (2017). Sensitivity and specificity of biochemical tests for diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Annals of Hepatology, 569-573.</li> <li>Kenyon, A., Piercy, C. N., Girling, J., Williamson, C., RM, T., &amp; Shennan, A. (2002). Obstetric cholestasis, outcome with active management: a series of 70 cases. BJOG: an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 282-288</li> <li>Lammert, F., Marschall, H.-U., Glantz, A., &amp; Matern, S. (2000). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. Journal of Hepatology, 1012-1021.</li> <li>Lindor, K., &amp; Lee, R. (2018). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Retrieved from UptoDate: <a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy?search=cholestasis%20of%20pregnancy&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=1~59&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.uptodate.com/contents/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy?search=cholestasis%20of%20pregnancy&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=1~59&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=1</a></li> <li>Pusl, T., &amp; Beuers, U. (2007). Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. </li> </ol>

45: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

In this episode we trace the history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, learn about the underlying physiology, and how to diagnosis it. feedback@obgyn.fm    Current Practices of Measuring and Reference Range Reporting of Free and Total Testosterone in the United States. Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pitfalls and Controversies  Clinical Findings and Hormonal Responses in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Disease With Normal Versus Elevated LH Levels.  A study of the end-results of the treatment of amenorrhea and sterility by radiation of 128 married women over a period of twelve years  The Stein-Leventhal syndrome  Secretion of Androgens by the Polycystic Ovary and its Significance  Inappropriate Secretion of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Polycystic Ovarian Disease Defective Biosynthesis of Ovarian Steroids in the Stein-Leventhal Syndrome  Functional Studies of Aromatase Activity in Human Granulosa Cells from Normal and Polycystic Ovaries The Effects of Ovarian Wedge Resection on Circulating Gonadotropin and Ovarian Steroid Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome  Bilateral polycystic ovaries: Significance in sterility  Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis 

In this episode we trace the history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, learn about the underlying physiology, and how to diagnosis it. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26707506" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Current Practices of Measuring and Reference Range Reporting of Free and Total Testosterone in the United States.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893212/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pitfalls and Controversies</a></li> <li><a href="http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1976/04000/Clinical_Findings_and_Hormonal_Responses_in.2.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Clinical Findings and Hormonal Responses in Patients With Polycystic Ovarian Disease With Normal Versus Elevated LH Levels.</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000293783790437X" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> A study of the end-results of the treatment of amenorrhea and sterility by radiation of 128 married women over a period of twelve years</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000293785890019X" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> The Stein-Leventhal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028216346829" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Secretion of Androgens by the Polycystic Ovary and its Significance</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/30/4/435/2716038/Inappropriate-Secretion-of-Follicle-Stimulating?redirectedFrom=fulltext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Inappropriate Secretion of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in Polycystic Ovarian Disease</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1954295/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Defective Biosynthesis of Ovarian Steroids in the Stein-Leventhal Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/49/4/514/2679167/Functional-Studies-of-Aromatase-Activity-in-Human?redirectedFrom=fulltext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Functional Studies of Aromatase Activity in Human Granulosa Cells from Normal and Polycystic Ovaries</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/43/2/347/2684656" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Effects of Ovarian Wedge Resection on Circulating Gonadotropin and Ovarian Steroid Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937845901402" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Bilateral polycystic ovaries: Significance in sterility</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v7/n4/abs/nrendo.2010.217.html?foxtrotcallback=true" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis</a></li> </ol>

22: PCOS - Part 1

In this episode we discuss the evolution of intrapartum fetal monitoring from the Pinard Horn to modern doppler techniques. We also discuss the benefits and harms of these approaches and their role in modern obstetrics.    feedback@obgyn.fm       A controlled trial of the differential effects of intrapartum fetal monitoring - ScienceDirect  Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: A meta-analysis - ScienceDirect Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring — A Disappointing Story — NEJM A prospective comparison of selective and universal electronic fetal monitoring in 34,995 pregnancies. - PubMed - NCBI Instrumentation of Fetal Electrocardiography | Science ‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(58)90707-5/pdf  The Beginnings of Perinatal Medicine - Google Books  https://www.mnhospitals.org/Portals/0/Documents/patientsafety/Perinatal/3a_ACOG%20Bulletin%20106.pdf ‎www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(11)00480-7/pdf ‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90052-3/pdf ‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90639-8/pdf The fetal heart rate patterns preceding death in utero - American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology A randomized trial of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation. - PubMed - NCBI Reasons for the rising cesarean delivery rates: 1978-1984. - PubMed - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/122861 

In this episode we discuss the evolution of intrapartum fetal monitoring from the Pinard Horn to modern doppler techniques. We also discuss the benefits and harms of these approaches and their role in modern obstetrics.  <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ol> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937816330824" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> A controlled trial of the differential effects of intrapartum fetal monitoring - ScienceDirect</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002978449400320D" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: A meta-analysis - ScienceDirect</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199003013220910" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring — A Disappointing Story — NEJM</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3736600" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">A prospective comparison of selective and universal electronic fetal monitoring in 34,995 pregnancies. - PubMed - NCBI</a></li> <li><a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/125/3247/553" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Instrumentation of Fetal Electrocardiography | Science</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(58)90707-5/pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(58)90707-5/pdf</a></li> <li><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yUDoBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT31&amp;lpg=PT31&amp;dq=Konrad+Hammacher.&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=04tvkU4Xm6&amp;sig=I4ER-m3i4m72rSgyOnRUAgJieNs&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjdu4iThp3UAhVK04MKHYi-B3gQ6AEIVDAI#v=onepage&amp;q=Konrad%20Hammacher.&amp;f=false" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> The Beginnings of Perinatal Medicine - Google Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mnhospitals.org/Portals/0/Documents/patientsafety/Perinatal/3a_ACOG%20Bulletin%20106.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.mnhospitals.org/Portals/0/Documents/patientsafety/Perinatal/3a_ACOG%20Bulletin%20106.pdf</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(11)00480-7/pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">‎www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(11)00480-7/pdf</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90052-3/pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90052-3/pdf</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90639-8/pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">‎www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90639-8/pdf</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(59)90639-8/abstract" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The fetal heart rate patterns preceding death in utero - American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8497353" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">A randomized trial of intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation. - PubMed - NCBI</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3574796" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reasons for the rising cesarean delivery rates: 1978-1984. - PubMed - NCBI</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/122861" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/122861</a></li> </ol>

16: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring

Pelvic inflammatory disease to PID has been a factor in the lives of women in the western world for at least 500 year. It effects up to 5% of US women at sometime during their life and its effects can be long-lasting and devastating. In the episode, part 1 of 2, we delve into the history, prevalence, causes, and consequences of PID.   feedback@obgyn.fm   History    John Hirth. Syphilis – Its early history and Treatment until Penicillin and the Debate on its Origins. Journal of Military and Veterans' Health. 20(4). 2012    Goupil Bernutz. Clinical Memoirs on the Diseases of Women. 1866  Matthew Mann. A System of Gynecology - Vol. 1. 1887  Prevalence   L. Westrom. Incidence, prevalence, and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries. 138:880. 1980 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Statistics. CDC. 2015  Definition   Howard Kelly. The Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases. 1894. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. 2015 R. Brunham, S. Gottlieb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. NEJM 372:2309-2048. 2015.  Causes  Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. 2015 R. Brunham, S. Gottlieb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. NEJM 372:2309-2048. 2015. JA McGregor, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with prematurity and vaginal fluid mucinase and sialidase: results of a controlled trial of topical clindamycin cream. AJOG. 170(4):1048-59. 1994 DL Draper, et al. Levels of vaginal secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor are decreased in women with lower reproductive tract infections. AJOG. 183(5):1243-8. 2000 I Simms, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachoma's and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathology. 56(8):616-618. 2003. CR Cohen, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. Sex Transm Infect. 81:463-466. 2005  Consequences  L Westrom. Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility. AJOG. 121(5):707-713. 1975 RB Ness, et al. Effectiveness of treatment strategies of some women with pelvic inflammatory disease: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 106(3):573-80. 2005.  Cost  Rein DB, et al. Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial. Obstet Gynecol. 95(3):397-402. 2000. 

Pelvic inflammatory disease to PID has been a factor in the lives of women in the western world for at least 500 year. It effects up to 5% of US women at sometime during their life and its effects can be long-lasting and devastating. In the episode, part 1 of 2, we delve into the history, prevalence, causes, and consequences of PID. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> History <ol> <li> <a href="http://jmvh.org/article/syphilis-its-early-history-and-treatment-until-penicillin-and-the-debate-on-its-origins/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> John Hirth. Syphilis – Its early history and Treatment until Penicillin and the Debate on its Origins. Journal of Military and Veterans' Health. 20(4)</a>. 2012 </li> <li> <a href="https://ia902609.us.archive.org/30/items/clinicalmemoirso02bernuoft/clinicalmemoirso02bernuoft.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Goupil Bernutz. Clinical Memoirs on the Diseases of Women. 1866</a> </li> <li><a href="https://goo.gl/v5sL2e" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Matthew Mann. A System of Gynecology - Vol. 1. 1887</a></li> </ol> Prevalence <ol> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ymob/19_Westrom.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> L. Westrom. Incidence, prevalence, and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries. 138:880. 1980</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/std/PID/stats.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Statistics. CDC. 2015</a></li> </ol> Definition <ol> <li><a href="https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/101477377/PDF/101477377.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Howard Kelly. The Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases. 1894.</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/default.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1411426" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">R. Brunham, S. Gottlieb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. NEJM 372:2309-2048. 2015.</a></li> </ol> Causes <ol> <li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/default.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - CDC Fact Sheet. CDC. 2015</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1411426" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">R. Brunham, S. Gottlieb. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. NEJM 372:2309-2048. 2015.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8166188" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">JA McGregor, et al. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with prematurity and vaginal fluid mucinase and sialidase: results of a controlled trial of topical clindamycin cream. AJOG. 170(4):1048-59. 1994</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11084573" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">DL Draper, et al. Levels of vaginal secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor are decreased in women with lower reproductive tract infections. AJOG. 183(5):1243-8. 2000</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1770020/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">I Simms, et al. Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachoma's and pelvic inflammatory disease. J Clin Pathology. 56(8):616-618. 2003.</a></li> <li><a href="http://sti.bmj.com/content/81/6/463.full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CR Cohen, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. Sex Transm Infect. 81:463-466. 2005</a></li> </ol> Consequences <ol> <li><a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/0002-9378(75)90477-9/fulltext" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">L Westrom. Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility. AJOG. 121(5):707-713. 1975</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16135590" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">RB Ness, et al. Effectiveness of treatment strategies of some women with pelvic inflammatory disease: a randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol. 106(3):573-80. 2005.</a></li> </ol> Cost <ol> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10711551" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rein DB, et al. Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial. Obstet Gynecol. 95(3):397-402. 2000.</a></li> </ol>

03: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Part 1

In this episode we trace the history of aneuploidy screening from the early days of amniocentesis to the modern day serum screening.    feedback@obgyn.fm 1987 Cuckle Paper:  Estimating a woman’s risk of having a pregnancy associated with Down’s syndrome using her age and serum alpha-fetoprotein level Other references in no particular order: First-Trimester or Second-Trimester Screening, or Both, for Down’s Syndrome INTEGRATED SCREENING FOR DOWN’S SYNDROME BASED ON TESTS PERFORMED DURING THE FIRST AND SECOND TRIMESTERS First Trimester Biochemical Screening for Trisomy 21: The Role of Free Beta hCG, Alpha Fetoprotein and Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A First trimester biochemical screening for trisomy 21: the role of free beta heG, alpha fetoprotein and pregnancy associated plasma protein A  SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES IN MONGOLISM Screening for Down's Syndrome  Contingent screening for Down syndrome completed in the  ﬁrst trimester: a multicenter study UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation Antenatal maternal serumscreening for Down's syndrome: results of a demonstration project Reducing the need for amniocentesis in women 35 years of age or older with serum markers for screening  Low second trimester maternal serum unconjugated oestriol in pregnancies with Down's syndrome  Low second trimester maternal serum unconjugated oestriol in pregnancies Down's syndrome Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defectsinfirsttrimesterofpregnancy Maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy Combining maternal age and serum alpha-fetoprotein to predict the risk of Down syndrome  Appropriate Biochemical Parameters in First-trimester Screening for Down Syndrome Screening in early pregnancy for pre-eclampsia using Down syndrome Quadruple test markers

In this episode we trace the history of aneuploidy screening from the early days of amniocentesis to the modern day serum screening.  <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> 1987 Cuckle Paper: <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb03115.x" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Estimating a woman’s risk of having a pregnancy associated with Down’s syndrome using her age and serum alpha-fetoprotein level</a> Other references in no particular order: <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa043693" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">First-Trimester or Second-Trimester Screening, or Both, for Down’s Syndrome</a> <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199908123410701" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">INTEGRATED SCREENING FOR DOWN’S SYNDROME BASED ON TESTS PERFORMED DURING THE FIRST AND SECOND TRIMESTERS</a> <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000456329403100504" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">First Trimester Biochemical Screening for Trisomy 21: The Role of Free Beta hCG, Alpha Fetoprotein and Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein A</a> <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000456329403100504" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">First trimester biochemical screening for trisomy 21: the role of free beta heG, alpha fetoprotein and pregnancy associated plasma protein A</a> <a href="http://publications.fondationlejeune.org/article.asp?filename=fjl080.xml" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> SOMATIC CHROMOSOMES IN MONGOLISM</a> <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199508243330825" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Screening for Down's Syndrome</a> <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/uog.9075" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Contingent screening for Down syndrome completed in the</a> <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/uog.9075" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> ﬁrst trimester: a multicenter study</a><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673697112806" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> UK multicentre project on assessment of risk of trisomy 21 by maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation</a> <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/305/6850/391.full.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Antenatal maternal serumscreening for Down's syndrome: results of a demonstration project</a> <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM199404213301603" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reducing the need for amniocentesis in women 35 years of age or older with serum markers for screening</a> <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06601.x" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Low second trimester maternal serum unconjugated oestriol in pregnancies with Down's syndrome</a> <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06601.x" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Low second trimester maternal serum unconjugated oestriol in pregnancies Down's syndrome</a> <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/304/6831/867.short" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Fetal nuchal translucency: ultrasound screening for chromosomal defectsinfirsttrimesterofpregnancy</a> <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/297/6653/883.short" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome in early pregnancy</a> <a href="http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/2426637" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Combining maternal age and serum alpha-fetoprotein to predict the risk of Down syndrome</a> <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199906)19:6%3C505::AID-PD572%3E3.0.CO;2-6" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Appropriate Biochemical Parameters in First-trimester Screening for Down Syndrome</a> <a href="https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pd.1459" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Screening in early pregnancy for pre-eclampsia using Down syndrome Quadruple test markers</a>

34: Aneuploidy - Part 1

Dr. Heather Link starts a new series on Maternal Mortality by discussing what that even means and how we get those numbers.   feedback@obgyn.fm   Maternal mortality is a key indicator of a health system’s strength. Safe Motherhood Week.  https://www.safemotherhoodweek.org/maternal-mortality-key-indicator-health-systems-strength/.Published October 30, 2017. Accessed July 19, 2018.  Organization WH, Others. WHO guidance for measuring maternal mortality from a census. 2013. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/87982. Knight M, Kenyon S, Brocklehurst P, et al. Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care Lessons learned to inform future maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2009-2012. 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464330/. Humphrey MD, Bonello MR, Chughtai A, Macaldowie A, Harris K &amp; Chambers GM. Maternal Deaths in Australia 2008–2012. Maternal Deaths Series No. 5. Canberra: AIHW.; 2015. http://apo.org.au/system/files/55131/apo-nid55131-20636.pdf. Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System | Maternal and Infant Health | CDC.  https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm.Published August 7, 2018. Accessed August 27, 2018. New York State Maternal Mortality Review Report.  https://www.health.ny.gov/community/adults/women/docs/maternal_mortality_review_2012-2013.pdf. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) — MEASURE Evaluation.  https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr.Published November 23, 2010. Accessed October 8, 2018. Division of Reproductive Health, Family and Reproductive Health. The Sisterhood Method for Estimating Maternal Mortality. World Health Organization ; 1997.  http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/64007/WHO_RHT_97.28.pdf;jsessionid=ACC253E82A5392CD768522ABE2716AA7?sequence=1. Wilmoth JR, Mizoguchi N, Oestergaard MZ, et al. A New Method for Deriving Global Estimates of Maternal Mortality. Stat Politics Policy. 2012;3(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24416714. Maternal mortality - UNICEF DATA. UNICEF DATA.  https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/.Accessed October 30, 2018. WHO, Department of Reproductive Health and Research. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. World Health Organization ; 2014.  http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/112697/WHO_RHR_14.13_eng.pdf;jsessionid=435F8C2D8482EF587423E845839727BC?sequence=1. Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med. 1994;38(8):1091-1110. Montagu D, Yamey G, Visconti A, Harding A, Yoong J. Where do poor women in developing countries give birth? A multi-country analysis of demographic and health survey data. PLoS One. 2011;6(2):e17155. Somé DT, Sombié I, Meda N. How decision for seeking maternal care is made--a qualitative study in two rural medical districts of Burkina Faso. Reprod Health. 2013;10:8. Scott S, Chowdhury ME, Pambudi ES, Qomariyah SN, Ronsmans C. Maternal mortality, birth with a health professional and distance to obstetric care in Indonesia and Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health. 2013;18(10):1193-1201. Hanson C, Cox J, Mbaruku G, et al. Maternal mortality and distance to facility-based obstetric care in rural southern Tanzania: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional census data in 226 000 households. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(7):e387-e395. Lori JR, Starke AE. A critical analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Liberia, West Africa. Midwifery. 2012;28(1):67-72. Gwilliam F, Archondo-Callao B-G, Nogales S. Roads in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic AICD. 2008.  http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/938171468194345853/pdf/551050WP0p109210Box349439B01PUBLIC1.pdf. Amdd WUU. Monitoring Emergency Obstetric Care: A Handbook. World Health Organization; 2009.  http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44121/9789241547734_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8894BA499197FB974E66D8624AFCDFEF?sequence=1. UNICEF, Ministry of Health -Puntland. EmONC Needs Assessment in Selected Health Facilities in NEZ, Puntland- September 2011. UNICEF European Commission; 2011.  https://www.unicef.org/somalia/EmONC_needs_Assessment_Report_-_Puntland_Oct._2011.pdf. Mony PK, Krishnamurthy J, Thomas A, et al. Availability and distribution of emergency obstetric care services in Karnataka State, South India: access and equity considerations. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64126. Rosindale L. Rural Maternal Mortality. Am J Nurs. 2018;118(12):10. Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, et al. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):462-474. Sustainable Development Goals | UNDP. UNDP.  http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html.Accessed December 1, 2018. WHO | Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2016 to 2060. November 2018.  https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/en/.Accessed December 1, 2018. 

Dr. Heather Link starts a new series on Maternal Mortality by discussing what that even means and how we get those numbers. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/y7mN" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maternal mortality is a key indicator of a health system’s strength. Safe Motherhood Week.</a> <a href="https://www.safemotherhoodweek.org/maternal-mortality-key-indicator-health-systems-strength/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.safemotherhoodweek.org/maternal-mortality-key-indicator-health-systems-strength/.</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/y7mN" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Published October 30, 2017. Accessed July 19, 2018.</a> <ol> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/OYaW" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Organization WH, Others. WHO guidance for measuring maternal mortality from a census. 2013.</a> <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/87982" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/87982</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/OYaW" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/gZIn" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Knight M, Kenyon S, Brocklehurst P, et al. Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care Lessons learned to inform future maternity care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2009-2012. 2014.</a> <a href="http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464330/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1464330/</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/gZIn" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/8bQN" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Humphrey MD, Bonello MR, Chughtai A, Macaldowie A, Harris K &amp; Chambers GM.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/8bQN" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maternal Deaths in Australia 2008–2012. Maternal Deaths Series No. 5</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/8bQN" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. Canberra: AIHW.; 2015.</a> <a href="http://apo.org.au/system/files/55131/apo-nid55131-20636.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://apo.org.au/system/files/55131/apo-nid55131-20636.pdf</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/8bQN" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/nrfx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System | Maternal and Infant Health | CDC.</a> <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm." rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pregnancy-mortality-surveillance-system.htm.</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/nrfx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Published August 7, 2018. Accessed August 27, 2018.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/uggT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">New York State Maternal Mortality Review Report.</a> <a href="https://www.health.ny.gov/community/adults/women/docs/maternal_mortality_review_2012-2013.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.health.ny.gov/community/adults/women/docs/maternal_mortality_review_2012-2013.pdf</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/uggT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/IFw5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) — MEASURE Evaluation.</a> <a href="https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr." rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.measureevaluation.org/prh/rh_indicators/womens-health/sm/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr.</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/IFw5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Published November 23, 2010. Accessed October 8, 2018.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/JexE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Division of Reproductive Health, Family and Reproductive Health.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/JexE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Sisterhood Method for Estimating Maternal Mortality</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/JexE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. World Health Organization ; 1997.</a> <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/64007/WHO_RHT_97.28.pdf;jsessionid=ACC253E82A5392CD768522ABE2716AA7?sequence=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/64007/WHO_RHT_97.28.pdf;jsessionid=ACC253E82A5392CD768522ABE2716AA7?sequence=1</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/JexE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/yZtP" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Wilmoth JR, Mizoguchi N, Oestergaard MZ, et al. A New Method for Deriving Global Estimates of Maternal Mortality.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/yZtP" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Stat Politics Policy</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/yZtP" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2012;3(2).</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24416714" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24416714</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/yZtP" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/lJxl" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Maternal mortality - UNICEF DATA. UNICEF DATA.</a> <a href="https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://data.unicef.org/topic/maternal-health/maternal-mortality/.</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/lJxl" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Accessed October 30, 2018.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/5sQZ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">WHO, Department of Reproductive Health and Research.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/5sQZ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/5sQZ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. World Health Organization ; 2014.</a> <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/112697/WHO_RHR_14.13_eng.pdf;jsessionid=435F8C2D8482EF587423E845839727BC?sequence=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/112697/WHO_RHR_14.13_eng.pdf;jsessionid=435F8C2D8482EF587423E845839727BC?sequence=1</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/5sQZ" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/LjOT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk: maternal mortality in context.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/LjOT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Soc Sci Med</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/LjOT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 1994;38(8):1091-1110.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/6WIT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Montagu D, Yamey G, Visconti A, Harding A, Yoong J. Where do poor women in developing countries give birth? A multi-country analysis of demographic and health survey data.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/6WIT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PLoS One</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/6WIT" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2011;6(2):e17155.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/1n24" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Somé DT, Sombié I, Meda N. How decision for seeking maternal care is made--a qualitative study in two rural medical districts of Burkina Faso.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/1n24" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Reprod Health</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/1n24" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2013;10:8.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/jmU9" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Scott S, Chowdhury ME, Pambudi ES, Qomariyah SN, Ronsmans C. Maternal mortality, birth with a health professional and distance to obstetric care in Indonesia and Bangladesh.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/jmU9" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Trop Med Int Health</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/jmU9" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2013;18(10):1193-1201.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/OGU5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Hanson C, Cox J, Mbaruku G, et al. Maternal mortality and distance to facility-based obstetric care in rural southern Tanzania: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional census data in 226 000 households.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/OGU5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lancet Glob Health</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/OGU5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2015;3(7):e387-e395.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/ljZo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lori JR, Starke AE. A critical analysis of maternal morbidity and mortality in Liberia, West Africa.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/ljZo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Midwifery</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/ljZo" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2012;28(1):67-72.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Uk5z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Gwilliam F, Archondo-Callao B-G, Nogales S. Roads in Sub-Saharan Africa.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Uk5z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic AICD</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Uk5z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2008.</a> <a href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/938171468194345853/pdf/551050WP0p109210Box349439B01PUBLIC1.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/938171468194345853/pdf/551050WP0p109210Box349439B01PUBLIC1.pdf</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Uk5z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/AEIf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Amdd WUU.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/AEIf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Monitoring Emergency Obstetric Care: A Handbook</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/AEIf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. World Health Organization; 2009.</a> <a href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44121/9789241547734_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8894BA499197FB974E66D8624AFCDFEF?sequence=1" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44121/9789241547734_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8894BA499197FB974E66D8624AFCDFEF?sequence=1</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/AEIf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/FPxe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">UNICEF, Ministry of Health -Puntland.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/FPxe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">EmONC Needs Assessment in Selected Health Facilities in NEZ, Puntland- September 2011</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/FPxe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. UNICEF European Commission; 2011.</a> <a href="https://www.unicef.org/somalia/EmONC_needs_Assessment_Report_-_Puntland_Oct._2011.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.unicef.org/somalia/EmONC_needs_Assessment_Report_-_Puntland_Oct._2011.pdf</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/FPxe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/oN9z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Mony PK, Krishnamurthy J, Thomas A, et al. Availability and distribution of emergency obstetric care services in Karnataka State, South India: access and equity considerations.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/oN9z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">PLoS One</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/oN9z" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2013;8(5):e64126.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/BUKE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Rosindale L. Rural Maternal Mortality.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/BUKE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Am J Nurs</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/BUKE" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2018;118(12):10.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Gq3m" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alkema L, Chou D, Hogan D, et al. Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group.</a> <a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Gq3m" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lancet</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/Gq3m" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">. 2016;387(10017):462-474.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/AvPO" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sustainable Development Goals | UNDP. UNDP.</a> <a href="http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html." rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html.</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/AvPO" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Accessed December 1, 2018.</a></li> <li><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/pyzk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">WHO | Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2016 to 2060. November 2018.</a> <a href="https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/en/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/projections/en/.</a><a href="http://paperpile.com/b/EuHYuX/pyzk" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Accessed December 1, 2018.</a></li> </ol>

49: Maternal Mortality - Part 1

Join me while we discuss the history of diabetes in pregnancy in the first part of our tour de force!

Join me while we discuss the history of diabetes in pregnancy in the first part of our tour de force!

62: Diabetes in Pregnancy - Part 1

Contraception is major element in the life of women throughout the world. In this episode we chart its history from ancient Egypt to modern times and discuss its implications at the personal and societal levels. 

Contraception is major element in the life of women throughout the world. In this episode we chart its history from ancient Egypt to modern times and discuss its implications at the personal and societal levels.

06: Contraception - Part 1

Drs. Sara Kim &amp; Vai Umesh join me to dicuss stillbirth rates and medical treatment of uterine fibroids.

Drs. Sara Kim &amp; Vai Umesh join me to dicuss stillbirth rates and medical treatment of uterine fibroids.

63: Monthly Check Up - September 2019

Dr. Jillian Kurtz discusses the ins and outs of ovulation induction.   feedback@obgyn.fm

Dr. Jillian Kurtz discusses the ins and outs of ovulation induction. feedback@obgyn.fm

41: Ovulation Induction

Dr. Bergoy walks us through the risks and benefits of elective cesarean delivery. www.obgyn.fm feedback@obgyn.fm  neonatal and maternal mortality    https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Obstetric-Care-Consensus-Series/Safe-Prevention-of-the-Primary-Cesarean-Delivery  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24631705%5Buid%5D  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cesarean-delivery-on-maternal-request?search=cesarean%20section%20complications&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=6~150&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=6#H16   Primary cs vs trial of labor   Visco et al’s review  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=visco+cesarean+delivery+on+maternal+request+obstetrics+and+gynecology+2006 Declercq et al’s study  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Declercq+et+al%2C+green+journal%2C+109(3)%2C+2007+%C2%ABMaternal+Outcomes+Associated+With+Planned+Primary+Cesarean+Births+Compared+With+Planned+Vaginal+Births%C2%BB Allen et al https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16880297 Liu et al, AJOG, vol 212 issue 6 2015. “Cesarean delivery on maternal request in China: what are the risks and benefits?” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25640048 Liu et al, CMAJ, vol 176, issue 4 2007 “Maternal mortality and severe morbidity associated with low-risk planned cesarean delivery versus planned vaginal delivery at term”  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1800583/   TOLAC vs secondary elective cesarean   Guise et al, Obstet gynecol, june 2010 vol 115, no 6, “Vaginal birth after cesarean: new insights on maternal and neonatal outcomes.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20502300 Crowther et al, PLoS med, 2012, 9(3). «Planned Vaginal Birth or Elective Repeat Caesarean: Patient Preference Restricted Cohort with Nested Randomised Trial«   RDS   Hansen et al BMJ 2008 “Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study” https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7635/85   Long term complications   Marshall et al «Impact of multiple cesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review» Am J Obstet Gynecol2011;205:262.e1-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071057 Keag et al systematic review and metaanalysis of long term risks and benefits of cs vs vag delivery for mother and child from jan 18 in PLoS med  https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002494 editorial in the green journal from 2011 on the evidence of CS as protective of pelvic floor damage https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934440   composite outcomes   Freemantle et al Jama 2003  https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/196588 Cordoba et al BMJ 2010 https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c3920   Various   An article on how to counsel a patient on risks and benefits woth cesarean on maternal request from Jama 2013  https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1685873 NNT  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524406/   

Dr. Bergoy walks us through the risks and benefits of elective cesarean delivery. <a href="http://www.obgyn.f," rel="nofollow" target="_blank">www.obgyn.fm</a> <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ul> <li>neonatal and maternal mortality</li> <li> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Obstetric-Care-Consensus-Series/Safe-Prevention-of-the-Primary-Cesarean-Delivery" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Obstetric-Care-Consensus-Series/Safe-Prevention-of-the-Primary-Cesarean-Delivery</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24631705%5Buid%5D" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=24631705%5Buid%5D</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cesarean-delivery-on-maternal-request?search=cesarean%20section%20complications&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=6~150&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=6#H16" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cesarean-delivery-on-maternal-request?search=cesarean%20section%20complications&amp;source=search_result&amp;selectedTitle=6~150&amp;usage_type=default&amp;display_rank=6#H16</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Primary cs vs trial of labor</li> <li> <ul> <li>Visco et al’s review <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=visco+cesarean+delivery+on+maternal+request+obstetrics+and+gynecology+2006" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=visco+cesarean+delivery+on+maternal+request+obstetrics+and+gynecology+2006</a></li> <li>Declercq et al’s study <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Declercq+et+al%2C+green+journal%2C+109(3)%2C+2007+%C2%ABMaternal+Outcomes+Associated+With+Planned+Primary+Cesarean+Births+Compared+With+Planned+Vaginal+Births%C2%BB" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Declercq+et+al%2C+green+journal%2C+109(3)%2C+2007+%C2%ABMaternal+Outcomes+Associated+With+Planned+Primary+Cesarean+Births+Compared+With+Planned+Vaginal+Births%C2%BB</a></li> <li>Allen et al <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16880297" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16880297</a></li> <li>Liu et al, AJOG, vol 212 issue 6 2015. “Cesarean delivery on maternal request in China: what are the risks and benefits?” <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25640048" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=25640048</a></li> <li>Liu et al, CMAJ, vol 176, issue 4 2007 “Maternal mortality and severe morbidity associated with low-risk planned cesarean delivery versus planned vaginal delivery at term” <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1800583/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1800583/</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>TOLAC vs secondary elective cesarean</li> <li> <ul> <li>Guise et al, Obstet gynecol, june 2010 vol 115, no 6, “Vaginal birth after cesarean: new insights on maternal and neonatal outcomes.” <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20502300" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=20502300</a></li> <li>Crowther et al, PLoS med, 2012, 9(3). «Planned Vaginal Birth or Elective Repeat Caesarean: Patient Preference Restricted Cohort with Nested Randomised Trial«</li> </ul> </li> <li>RDS</li> <li> <ul> <li>Hansen et al BMJ 2008 “Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort study” <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7635/85" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/336/7635/85</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Long term complications</li> <li> <ul> <li>Marshall et al «Impact of multiple cesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review» Am J Obstet Gynecol2011;205:262.e1-8. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071057" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071057</a></li> <li>Keag et al systematic review and metaanalysis of long term risks and benefits of cs vs vag delivery for mother and child from jan 18 in PLoS med <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002494" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002494</a></li> <li>editorial in the green journal from 2011 on the evidence of CS as protective of pelvic floor damage <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934440" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21934440</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>composite outcomes</li> <li> <ul> <li>Freemantle et al Jama 2003 <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/196588" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/196588</a></li> <li>Cordoba et al BMJ 2010 <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c3920" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c3920</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Various</li> <li> <ul> <li>An article on how to counsel a patient on risks and benefits woth cesarean on maternal request from Jama 2013 <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1685873" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1685873</a></li> <li>NNT <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524406/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4524406/</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul>

56: Elective Cesarean Delivery

In this episode Dr. Øystein Bergøy discusses the evidence behind antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk for preterm delivery.  feedback@obgyn.fm Uptodate articles on RDS   1  2  3     Liggins 1972 paper  2013 cochrane analysis on type of steroid and regimens  2017 cochrane analysis of antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation  2015 cochrane analysis of repeat antenatal corticosteroids  2003 meta analysis of the effects of a single course corticosteroid compared to placebo/no treatment were delivery was 7 days or more after the treatment was given website of the EPICE cohort  Study from EPICE looking at effects of steroids and time to delivery   ACOG guidelines on fetal maturation   NICE guidelines on risk of premature labour  Norwegian guidelines on risk of premature labour

In this episode Dr. Øystein Bergøy discusses the evidence behind antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk for preterm delivery.  <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> Uptodate articles on RDS <ul> <li><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/prevention-and-treatment-of-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-preterm-infants?source=search_result&amp;search=Prevention%20and%20treatment%20of%20respiratory%20distress%20syndrome%20in%20preterm%20infants&amp;selectedTitle=1~150" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathophysiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-respiratory-distress-syndrome-in-the-newborn?source=search_result&amp;search=rds&amp;selectedTitle=1~150" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.uptodate.com/contents/antenatal-corticosteroid-therapy-for-reduction-of-neonatal-respiratory-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preterm-delivery?source=see_link§ionName=23%2B0%20to%2033%2B6%20weeks&amp;anchor=H2439085631#H2439085154" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 3</a></li> </ul> <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/50/4/515?sso=1&amp;sso_redirect_count=1&amp;nfstatus=401&amp;nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&amp;nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Liggins 1972 paper</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006764.pub3/full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 2013 cochrane analysis on type of steroid and regimens</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub3/full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 2017 cochrane analysis of antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003935.pub4/full#CD003935-bbs2-0049" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 2015 cochrane analysis of repeat antenatal corticosteroids</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0020064/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> 2003 meta analysis of the effects of a single course corticosteroid compared to placebo/no treatment were delivery was 7 days or more after the treatment was given</a> <a href="http://www.epiceproject.eu/en/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">website of the EPICE cohort</a> <a href="http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2627570" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Study from EPICE looking at effects of steroids and time to delivery </a> <a href="https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Antenatal-Corticosteroid-Therapy-for-Fetal-Maturation" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> ACOG guidelines on fetal maturation</a> <a href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng25/chapter/Recommendations#maternal-corticosteroids" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> NICE guidelines on risk of premature labour</a> <a href="http://legeforeningen.no/Fagmed/Norsk-gynekologisk-forening/Veiledere/Veileder-i-fodselshjelp-2014/Truende-for-tidlig-fodsel/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Norwegian guidelines on risk of premature labour</a>

25: Antenatal Steroids - Part 1

Dr. Gina Milone takes us through the pros and cons of post-delivery IUD placement. feedback@obgyn.fm    Blumenthal, P. D., et al. (2018). "Comparative safety and efficacy of a dedicated postpartum IUD inserter versus forceps for immediate postpartum IUD insertion: a randomized trial." Contraception98(3): 215-219.  Center for Disease Control, U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (U.S. MEC), 2016. Eser, A., et al. (2018). "Clinical experience with a novel anchored, frameless copper-releasing contraceptive device for intra-caesarean insertion." Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care23(4): 255-259. Immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception. Committee Opinion No. 670. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:e32-7. Jatlaoui, T. C., et al. (2018). "Intrauterine Device Expulsion After Postpartum Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Obstet Gynecol132(4): 895-905. Kapp, N. and K. M. Curtis (2009). "Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period: a systematic review." Contraception80(4): 327-336. Long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. Practice Bulletin No 186. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2017;130:e251-69. Optimizing postpartum care. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 736. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:e140-50. Singh, S., et al. (2016). "A Dedicated Postpartum Intrauterine Device Inserter: Pilot Experience and Proof of Concept." Glob Health Sci Pract4(1): 132-140. Unal, C., et al. (2018). "Comparison of expulsions following intracesarean placement of an innovative frameless copper-releasing IUD (Gyn-CS(R)) versus the TCu380A: A randomized trial." Contraception. 

Dr. Gina Milone takes us through the pros and cons of post-delivery IUD placement. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ol> <li>Blumenthal, P. D., et al. (2018). "Comparative safety and efficacy of a dedicated postpartum IUD inserter versus forceps for immediate postpartum IUD insertion: a randomized trial." Contraception98(3): 215-219. </li> <li>Center for Disease Control, U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (U.S. MEC), 2016.</li> <li>Eser, A., et al. (2018). "Clinical experience with a novel anchored, frameless copper-releasing contraceptive device for intra-caesarean insertion." Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care23(4): 255-259.</li> <li>Immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception. Committee Opinion No. 670. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:e32-7.</li> <li>Jatlaoui, T. C., et al. (2018). "Intrauterine Device Expulsion After Postpartum Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Obstet Gynecol132(4): 895-905.</li> <li>Kapp, N. and K. M. Curtis (2009). "Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period: a systematic review." Contraception80(4): 327-336.</li> <li>Long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. Practice Bulletin No 186. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2017;130:e251-69.</li> <li>Optimizing postpartum care. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 736. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:e140-50.</li> <li>Singh, S., et al. (2016). "A Dedicated Postpartum Intrauterine Device Inserter: Pilot Experience and Proof of Concept." Glob Health Sci Pract4(1): 132-140.</li> <li>Unal, C., et al. (2018). "Comparison of expulsions following intracesarean placement of an innovative frameless copper-releasing IUD (Gyn-CS(R)) versus the TCu380A: A randomized trial." Contraception.</li> </ol>

55: Post-Delivery IUDs

In this episode Dr. Sara Kim discusses the history, diagnosis, consequences, and treatment of bacterial vaginosis.    feedback@obgyn.fm    ACOG. Vaginisits Practice Bulletin. (2015). Chawla, R. B., Preena; Chadha, Sanjim; Grover, Sujatha; Garg, Suneela. Comparison of Hay's Criteria with Nugent's Scoring System for Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Biomed Research International 2013 (2013). Eschenbach, D. A. History and review of bacterial vaginosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 169, 441-445 (1993). Fettweis, J. B., J Paul; Serrano, Myrna; Sheth, Nihar; Girerd, Philippe; Edwards, David; Strauss, Jerome; Jefferson, Kimberly; Buck, Gregory, Vaginal Microbiome Consortium. Differences in vaginal microbiome in African American women versus women of European ancestry. Microbiology 160, 2272-2282 (2014). Greenwood, J. P., MJ. Transfer of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes to a New Genus, Gardnerella: G. vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30, 170-178 (1980). Hillier, S. N., Robert; Eschenbach, David; Krohn, Marijane; Gibbs, Ronald; Martin, David; Cotach, Mary Frances; Edelman, Robert; Pastorek, Joseph; Rao, Vijaya; McNellis, Donald; Regan, Joan; Carey, Christopher; Klebanoff, Mary A. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. New England Journal of Medicine 333, 1737-1742 (1995). Koumans, E. S., Maya; Bruce, Carol; McQuillan, Geraldine; Kendrick, Juliette; Sutton; MAdeline; Markowitz, Lauri. The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations with Symptosm, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health. Sexually Transmitted Diseaese 34, 864-869 (2007). Lachiewicz, M. M., Laura; Jaiyeoba, Oluwatosin. Pelvic Surgical Site Infection in Gynecologic Surgery. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015 (2014). Larsson, P.-G. a. C., Bodil. Does pre- and postoperative metronidazole treatment lower vaginal cuff infection rate after abdominal hysterectomy among women with bacterial vaginosis? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 10, 133-140 (2002). Lin, L. S., J; Kimber, N; Shott, S; Tangora, J; Aroutcheva, A; Mazees, MB; Wells, A; Cohen, A; Faro, S. The Role of Bacterial Vaginosis in Infection After Major Gynecologic Surgery. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7 (1999). Ling, Z. L., Xia; Chen, Weiguan; Luo, Yueqiu; Yuan, Li; Xia, Yaxian; Nelson, KAren; Shalei, Huang; Zhang, Shaoen; Wang, Yuezhu; Yuan, Jieli; Li, Lanjuan; Xiang, Charlie. The Restoration of the Vaginal Microbiota After Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis with Metronidazole or Probiotics. Microbial Ecology 65, 773-780 (2013). Menard, J.-P. Antibaterical treatment of bacterial vaginosis: current and emerging therapies. International Journal of Women's Health 3, 295-305 (2011). Muthuamy, S. E., Selvi. Comparison of Amsel's Criteria, Nugent Score and Culture for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine 5, 37-40 (2016). Onderdonk, A. D., Mary L; Fichorova, Raina N. The Human Microbiome during Bacterial Vaginosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, 223-238 (2016). Tebes, C. L., Catherine; Sinnott, John. The effect of treating bacterial vaginosis on preterm labor. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 11, 123-129 (2003). Xiao, B. N., Xiaoxi; Wang, Ben; Du, Pengcheng; Na, Risu; Chen, Chen; Liao, Qinping. Predictive value of the composition of the vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis, a dynamic study to identify recurrence-related flora. Scientific Reports Nature 6, doi:10.1038/srep26674 (2015). 

In this episode Dr. Sara Kim discusses the history, diagnosis, consequences, and treatment of bacterial vaginosis.  <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ol> <li>ACOG. Vaginisits Practice Bulletin. (2015).</li> <li>Chawla, R. B., Preena; Chadha, Sanjim; Grover, Sujatha; Garg, Suneela. Comparison of Hay's Criteria with Nugent's Scoring System for Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Biomed Research International 2013 (2013).</li> <li>Eschenbach, D. A. History and review of bacterial vaginosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 169, 441-445 (1993).</li> <li>Fettweis, J. B., J Paul; Serrano, Myrna; Sheth, Nihar; Girerd, Philippe; Edwards, David; Strauss, Jerome; Jefferson, Kimberly; Buck, Gregory, Vaginal Microbiome Consortium. Differences in vaginal microbiome in African American women versus women of European ancestry. Microbiology 160, 2272-2282 (2014).</li> <li>Greenwood, J. P., MJ. Transfer of Haemophilus vaginalis Gardner and Dukes to a New Genus, Gardnerella: G. vaginalis (Gardner and Dukes). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 30, 170-178 (1980).</li> <li>Hillier, S. N., Robert; Eschenbach, David; Krohn, Marijane; Gibbs, Ronald; Martin, David; Cotach, Mary Frances; Edelman, Robert; Pastorek, Joseph; Rao, Vijaya; McNellis, Donald; Regan, Joan; Carey, Christopher; Klebanoff, Mary A. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. New England Journal of Medicine 333, 1737-1742 (1995).</li> <li>Koumans, E. S., Maya; Bruce, Carol; McQuillan, Geraldine; Kendrick, Juliette; Sutton; MAdeline; Markowitz, Lauri. The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001-2004; Associations with Symptosm, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health. Sexually Transmitted Diseaese 34, 864-869 (2007).</li> <li>Lachiewicz, M. M., Laura; Jaiyeoba, Oluwatosin. Pelvic Surgical Site Infection in Gynecologic Surgery. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015 (2014).</li> <li>Larsson, P.-G. a. C., Bodil. Does pre- and postoperative metronidazole treatment lower vaginal cuff infection rate after abdominal hysterectomy among women with bacterial vaginosis? Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 10, 133-140 (2002).</li> <li>Lin, L. S., J; Kimber, N; Shott, S; Tangora, J; Aroutcheva, A; Mazees, MB; Wells, A; Cohen, A; Faro, S. The Role of Bacterial Vaginosis in Infection After Major Gynecologic Surgery. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 7 (1999).</li> <li>Ling, Z. L., Xia; Chen, Weiguan; Luo, Yueqiu; Yuan, Li; Xia, Yaxian; Nelson, KAren; Shalei, Huang; Zhang, Shaoen; Wang, Yuezhu; Yuan, Jieli; Li, Lanjuan; Xiang, Charlie. The Restoration of the Vaginal Microbiota After Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis with Metronidazole or Probiotics. Microbial Ecology 65, 773-780 (2013).</li> <li>Menard, J.-P. Antibaterical treatment of bacterial vaginosis: current and emerging therapies. International Journal of Women's Health 3, 295-305 (2011).</li> <li>Muthuamy, S. E., Selvi. Comparison of Amsel's Criteria, Nugent Score and Culture for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. National Journal of Laboratory Medicine 5, 37-40 (2016).</li> <li>Onderdonk, A. D., Mary L; Fichorova, Raina N. The Human Microbiome during Bacterial Vaginosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 29, 223-238 (2016).</li> <li>Tebes, C. L., Catherine; Sinnott, John. The effect of treating bacterial vaginosis on preterm labor. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 11, 123-129 (2003).</li> <li>Xiao, B. N., Xiaoxi; Wang, Ben; Du, Pengcheng; Na, Risu; Chen, Chen; Liao, Qinping. Predictive value of the composition of the vaginal microbiota in bacterial vaginosis, a dynamic study to identify recurrence-related flora. Scientific Reports Nature 6, doi:10.1038/srep26674 (2015).</li> </ol>

10: Bacterial Vaginosis

In this episode we finish up PCOS by discussing the management and long-term consequences.   feedback@obgyn.fm    Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis Combined oral contraceptives in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome  Ovarian Suppression in Normal-Weight and Obese Women During Oral Contraceptive Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial Ovulation incidence with oral contraceptives: a literature review  Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development Comparison of efficacy of metformin and oral contraceptive combination of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in polycystic ovary syndrome Evidence-Based and Potential Benefits of Metformin in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review Metformin, oral contraceptives or both to manage oligo-amenorrhea in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome? A clinical review Additive Effects of Insulin-Sensitizing and Anti-Androgen Treatment in Young, Nonobese Women with Hyperinsulinism, Hyperandrogenism, Dyslipidemia, and Anovulation Metformin and gonadotropins for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials  Aromatase inhibitors for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: summary of a Cochrane review Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lifestyle Modification Programs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Consensus Statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society Body Composition Is Improved During 12 Months' Treatment With Metformin Alone or Combined With Oral Contraceptives Compared With Treatment With Oral Contraceptives in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Influences of weight, body fat patterning and nutrition on the management of PCOS 

In this episode we finish up PCOS by discussing the management and long-term consequences. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> <ol> <li><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2010.217" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article/11/3/277/758904" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Combined oral contraceptives in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2010/08000/Ovarian_Suppression_in_Normal_Weight_and_Obese.7.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Ovarian Suppression in Normal-Weight and Obese Women During Oral Contraceptive Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial</a></li> <li><a href="http://srh.bmj.com/content/34/4/237.short" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ovulation incidence with oral contraceptives: a literature review</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010782496001370" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Shorter pill-free interval in combined oral contraceptives decreases follicular development</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4794296/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Comparison of efficacy of metformin and oral contraceptive combination of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in polycystic ovary syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/30/1/1/2354986" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Evidence-Based and Potential Benefits of Metformin in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09513590.2013.876001" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Metformin, oral contraceptives or both to manage oligo-amenorrhea in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome? A clinical review</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/87/6/2870/2847438" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Additive Effects of Insulin-Sensitizing and Anti-Androgen Treatment in Young, Nonobese Women with Hyperinsulinism, Hyperandrogenism, Dyslipidemia, and Anovulation</a></li> <li><a href="https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7827-12-3" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Metformin and gonadotropins for ovulation induction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028214022675" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Aromatase inhibitors for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: summary of a Cochrane review</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article/18/2/146/618266" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Epidemiology, diagnosis and management of hirsutism: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/humupd/article/16/4/347/802669" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/98/12/4655/2834112" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Lifestyle Modification Programs in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11695-015-1902-5" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/95/5/2038/2596456" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Consensus Statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/99/7/2584/2538120" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Body Composition Is Improved During 12 Months' Treatment With Metformin Alone or Combined With Oral Contraceptives Compared With Treatment With Oral Contraceptives in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/12/suppl_1/72/693276" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Influences of weight, body fat patterning and nutrition on the management of PCOS</a></li> </ol>

28: PCOS - Part 2

In this episode we discuss the use of fetal scalp pH and scalp stimulation in the triage of abnormal electronic fetal heart rate tracings.    Feedback@obgyn.fm Scalp pH  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937885903308 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14767050500526172  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937899700839 http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7656/1284  http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/abstract/1975/10000/correlation_of_fetal_heart_rate_uterine.4.aspx  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937880908509  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937869901021  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1987.tb00238.x/full http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1471.long  http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1994/06000/Elimination_of_Fetal_Scalp_Blood_Sampling_on_a.15.aspx http://fn.bmj.com/content/80/3/F246   Scalp Stim  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937887802624  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937886800072  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03256.x/full  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937884800678 http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(84)80067-8/pdf  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029784401016453  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002978449600525X

In this episode we discuss the use of fetal scalp pH and scalp stimulation in the triage of abnormal electronic fetal heart rate tracings.  <a href="mailto:Feedback@obgyn.fm">Feedback@obgyn.fm</a> Scalp pH <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937885903308" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937885903308</a> <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14767050500526172" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14767050500526172</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937899700839" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937899700839</a> <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7656/1284" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7656/1284</a> <a href="http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/abstract/1975/10000/correlation_of_fetal_heart_rate_uterine.4.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/abstract/1975/10000/correlation_of_fetal_heart_rate_uterine.4.aspx</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937880908509" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937880908509</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb10878.x/full</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937869901021" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937869901021</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1987.tb00238.x/full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1987.tb00238.x/full</a> <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1471.long" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1471.long</a> <a href="http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1994/06000/Elimination_of_Fetal_Scalp_Blood_Sampling_on_a.15.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1994/06000/Elimination_of_Fetal_Scalp_Blood_Sampling_on_a.15.aspx</a> <a href="http://fn.bmj.com/content/80/3/F246" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://fn.bmj.com/content/80/3/F246</a> Scalp Stim <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937887802624" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937887802624</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937886800072" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937886800072</a> <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03256.x/full" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03256.x/full</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937884800678" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937884800678</a> <a href="http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(84)80067-8/pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(84)80067-8/pdf</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029784401016453" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0029784401016453</a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002978449600525X" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002978449600525X</a>

18: Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring - Part 2

In this episode we discuss the menstrual cycle and how a few people figured out how to hack it to provide safe, effective contraception.     Menstrual Cycle Graphic #1  Menstrual Cycle Graphic #2  Effectiveness of Birth Control Methods History of the Oral Contraceptive #1 History of the Oral Contraceptive #2

In this episode we discuss the menstrual cycle and how a few people figured out how to hack it to provide safe, effective contraception.  <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle#/media/File:Figure_28_02_07.jpg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Menstrual Cycle Graphi</a>c #1 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle#/media/File:Menstrual_cycle.PNG" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Menstrual Cycle Graphic</a> #2 <a href="http://www.arhp.org/Publications-and-Resources/Quick-Reference-Guide-for-Clinicians/choosing/failure-rates-table" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Effectiveness of Birth Control Methods</a> <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/401035/summary" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">History of the Oral Contraceptive</a> #1 <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/401036/summary" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">History of the Oral Contraceptive</a> #2

07: Contraception - Part 2

Pelvic inflammatory disease to PID has been a factor in the lives of women in the western world for at least 500 year. It effects up to 5% of US women at sometime during their life and its effects can be long-lasting and devastating. In the episode, part 2 of 3, we discuss the diagnosis of PID.   feedback@obgyn.fm   Diagnosis   Howard Kelly. The Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases. 1894. Westrom L. Objectivized diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AJOG 1969 Sellors J, Mahony J, Goldsmith C et al. The accuracy of clinical findings and laparoscopy in pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 113–120.   Paavonen, J et al. Comparison of endometrial biopsy and peritoneal fluid cytologic testing with laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AJOG. 151 (5):645-650. 1985  Kiviat, N et al. Endometrial Histopathology in Patients with Culture-proved Upper Genital Tract Infection and Laparoscopically Diagnosed Acute Salpingitis. AJOSP. 1990. 14(2)  B. Cacciatore et al. Transvaginal Sonographic Findings in Ambulatory Patients with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. 1992. 80(6) Tukeva TA, Aronen HJ, Karjalainen PT, Molander P, Paavonen T, Paavonen J. MR imaging in pelvic inflammatory disease: comparison with laparoscopy and US. Radiology 1999;210:209-16  J. Moss et al. Serum CA-125 in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Int Journal Gyn &amp; Obstetrics. 1994. 44(1) L Westrom et al. Diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease: time for a rethink. Sex Transm Infect 2003:79 CDC Statement 

Pelvic inflammatory disease to PID has been a factor in the lives of women in the western world for at least 500 year. It effects up to 5% of US women at sometime during their life and its effects can be long-lasting and devastating. In the episode, part 2 of 3, we discuss the diagnosis of PID. <a href="mailto:feedback@obgyn.fm">feedback@obgyn.fm</a> Diagnosis <ol> <li><a href="https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/101477377/PDF/101477377.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Howard Kelly. The Diagnosis of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases. 1894.</a></li> <li>Westrom L. <a href="http://www.ajog.org/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ymob/37_Jacobson.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Objectivized diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AJOG 1969</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1824740" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Sellors J, Mahony J, Goldsmith C et al. The accuracy of clinical findings and laparoscopy in pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 113–120. </a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002937885901565" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Paavonen, J et al. Comparison of endometrial biopsy and peritoneal fluid cytologic testing with laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AJOG. 151 (5):645-650. 1985</a></li> <li><a href="http://journals.lww.com/ajsp/Abstract/1990/02000/Endometrial_Histopathology_in_Patients_with.8.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Kiviat, N et al. Endometrial Histopathology in Patients with Culture-proved Upper Genital Tract Infection and Laparoscopically Diagnosed Acute Salpingitis. AJOSP. 1990. 14(2)</a></li> <li><a href="http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/1992/12000/Transvaginal_Sonographic_Findings_in_Ambulatory.4.aspx" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> B. Cacciatore et al. Transvaginal Sonographic Findings in Ambulatory Patients with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. 1992. 80(6)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9885610" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Tukeva TA, Aronen HJ, Karjalainen PT, Molander P, Paavonen T, Paavonen J. MR imaging in pelvic inflammatory disease: comparison with laparoscopy and US. Radiology 1999;210:209-16</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002072929490023X" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> J. Moss et al. Serum CA-125 in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Int Journal Gyn &amp; Obstetrics. 1994. 44(1)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14663128" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">L Westrom et al. Diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease: time for a rethink. Sex Transm Infect 2003:79</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/tg-2015-print.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CDC Statement</a></li> </ol>

04: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Part 2

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