Renan Larue's guest appearances

Renan Larue

The Vegan Option - Vegetarianism: The Story So Far

Le Jean-Philippe Chaud podcast

Steven Pinker

Mike Ward

Peter Singer

Andrew Knight

Benjamin Zephaniah

John Arnold

Deepak Kumar

Tristram Stuart

Jason BeDuhn

Ramachandra Guha

Aysha Akhtar

Dennis Kucinich

Chris Williamson

David Pearce

Armand D’Angour

OwlTail

Renan Larue est professeur associé à l’Université de Californie à Santa Barbara (UCSB) où il enseigne depuis 2015 la littérature française et les « études véganes ».

<p>Renan Larue est professeur associé à l’Université de Californie à Santa Barbara (UCSB) où il enseigne depuis 2015 la littérature française et les « études véganes ».</p>

Christophe Martin

The philosophers of Paris discuss reports of Indian vegetarianism, question the morality of eating animals, and inspire radicals who preach vegetarianism from the barricades of the French revolution. Episode 11: Enlightenment Ian traces a winding path of vegetarian inspiration from the personal diary of an Indian vegetarian working for the French, to the darkest corner of British imperial propaganda, to the Enlightenment’s favourite Paris café, to a rural retreat that inspired a social revolution, and to the squares where citizens plotted a real one. Play or download (61MB MP3 43min) (via iTunes) or read transcript  There are many vegetarians in eighteenth century southern India, but only one, Ananda Ranga Pillai, who kept a diary of his daily life – whilst serving as a senior aide to the French governor. Ian meets historian Prof B. Krishnamoorthy in a temple Pillai had built in the French capital. Meanwhile, the British produced a governor of Calcutta – John Zephaniah Holwell – whose fascination for Indian culture crosses into Hindu vegetarianism. Ian meets Prof Partha Chatterjee, an expert in the incident – the Black Hole of Calcutta – that made Holwell famous. Paris was the heart of the enlightenment, where the Lumières condemn organised religion and discuss the nature of humanity over coffee. Holwell and other writers out of India inspire the leading figure of the French Enlightenment, Voltaire, to criticise Christian attitudes to eating animals, and Ian meets vegan Voltaire expert Renan La Rue in the Lumières’ favourite haunt, Café Procope. Then Ian and Renan visit the hillside home of Voltaire’s sentimental rival Rousseau, who suggested that children should be raised without the corruption of meat-eating, along with Prof Christophe Martin of the Sorbonne. The ideas are revolutionary; but it takes the radicals of the revolution to put them into practice. Ian visits Prof Pierre Serna at the Sorbonne, and travels to the heart of the French Revolution with Matthieu Ferradou to discover the vegetarian Scotsman who led the French revolutionaries in battle, and the Pythagorean aristocrat who dressed like an ancient Greek and was rumoured to have made possible the storming of the Bastille and the beginning of the revolution. It’s a chain that links the conservative vegetarianism of southern India to the heart of European radical politics.  		 			#gallery-1 { 				margin: auto; 			} 			#gallery-1 .gallery-item { 				float: left; 				margin-top: 10px; 				text-align: center; 				width: 33%; 			} 			#gallery-1 img { 				border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; 			} 			#gallery-1 .gallery-caption { 				margin-left: 0; 			} 			/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */ 		 		 			 				 			 				 				Ananda Ranga Pillai, from painting held by family 				 			 				 			 				 				The Holwell Monument, rebuilt 				 			 				 			 				 				Portrait of John Zephaniah Holwell CC-BY-ND-NC NPG 				  			 				 				With Dr. B Krishnamurthy at the shrine just outside the Vaishnava temple 				 			 				 			 				 				Cafe Procope advertises its famous guests 				 			 				 			 				 				“When misanthropic Rousseau has nice thoughts …” 				  			 				 				Matthieu Ferradou in Palais Royale 				 			 				 			 				 				Ian interviews Pauline Trebou in Rousseau’s old kitchen  				 			 				 			 				 				Prof Pierre Serna in his office 				  			 				 				with Christophe Martin &amp; Renan LaRue in Mussée Rousseau 				 			 Contributors:  Partha Chatterjee (Columbia University New York) B. Krishnamurthy (Pondicherry University) Tristram Stuart (tristramstuart.co.uk) (on Wikipedia) (@TristramStuart on Twitter) Renan Larue (UC Santa Barbara)  (Regardez il parlent sur l’histoire végétarien en Français)   Christophe Martin (Paris Sorbonne) Pauline Prévot (of Musée Jean Jacques Rousseau Montmorency) Pierre Serna (French Revolution Institute at Panthéon-Sorbonne Paris) (Modern &amp; Contemporary History Institute, ENS) Matthieu Ferradou (Modern &amp; Contemporary History Institute, ENS)  Readings  Ananda Ranga Pillai, Diary  vol V p334-5 vol VI p265 (Nov 16 1749) vol VIII p296 (Apr 4 1753)   Voltaire, “Essays on the Encylopedia: Meat”, 1770-4 Rousseau  Emile, 1762 Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality Among Men, 1754   Bernardin St. Pierre  Paul et Virginie, 1788 Letter to Brissot, see Stuart p 317   John Oswald  The Cry of Nature, 1794 Review of the Constitution of Great Britain, 1792 (see Stuart p 301)   Marquis de Valadi  Letter to Thomas Taylor, about Piggot, 1788 Letter to Samuel Breck, on the revolution, 1788 Letter to aunt, 1794, taken from Stuart p. 330    Geek Reference of the Month The “Black Hole of Calcutta” we visit this episode is almost certainly the namesake of the cosmological phenomenon. Credits The theme music is by Robb Masters. With the voices of Guillaume Blanchard, Brian Roberts, and Selva Rasalingham. My thanks to Vincent Migeotte, who acted as my volunteer fixer in Paris – in particular setting up location interviews at Café Procope and the Musée Rousseau; and to Elisabeth Lyman for translation and swapping flats. The featured image is “Banyan tree with Hindu temples at Agori, Bihar” by Thomas Daniell, 1796, CC-BY Wellcome Trust – an early colonial vision of Indian religion to match the information about Indian religion that sets the episode in progress. This episode is kindly sponsored by Kickstarter backer Martin Taylor Costumes, which specialises in vegan costumes, particularly ones for the eighteenth century, the period of this episode. Bibliography    		1630116 		 		6NBUFVU2 		 		 		                  items 		1 		chicago-author-date 		 		default 		asc 		 		 		 		 		 		 		 		 		 		          		http://theveganoption.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/  		    Guerrini, Anita. 1999. “A Diet for a Sensitive Soul: Vegetarianism in Eighteenth-Century Britain.” Eighteenth-Century Life 23 (2): 34–42. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/10487.    Chevallier, Jim. 2009. Vegetarians in Old Regime France. https://www.academia.edu/232131/Vegetarians_in_18th_Century_France.    Armand, Colin, ed. 2014. L’animal en révolution. Annales historiques de la Révolution française. Paris: Armand Colin : Société des études robespierristes. http://www.cairn.info/revue-annales-historiques-de-la-revolution-francaise-2014-3.htm.    Larue, Renan. 2014. Le végétarisme et ses ennemis: vingt-cinq siècles de débats. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.    Chatterjee, Partha. 2012. The Black Hole of Empire: History of a Global Practice of Power. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10542758.    Anantarankam Pillai, 1709-1761, and Henry Dodwell. 1900. The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai. Madras : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press. http://archive.org/details/diaryofanandaran05anan.    Davis, Michael, Iain McCalman, and Christina Parolin. 2005. Newgate in Revolution: An Anthology of Radical Prison Literature in the Age of Revolution. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1644300.    Gibson, Edgar C. S. (Edgar Charles Sumner). 1901. John Howard. London : Methuen. http://archive.org/details/johnhoward00gibsuoft.    Erdman, David V. 1981. “The Man Who Was Not Napoleon.” Vol. XII, No. 1, Winter 1981.    Larue, Renan. 2010. “Le végétarisme dans l’œuvre de Voltaire (1762-1778).” Dix-huitième siècle 42 (1): 19. https://doi.org/10.3917/dhs.042.0019.    Parker, Reeve. 1988. “‘In Some Sort Seeing with My Proper Eyes’: Wordsworth and the Spectacles of Paris.” Studies in Romanticism 27 (3): 369–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/25600725.    “Valadi.” 1797. In Biographical Anecdotes of the Founders of the French Republic, and of Other Eminent Characters, Who Have Distinguished Themselves in the Progress of the Revolution., 150. London: Printed for R. Phillips, and sold by Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Debrett. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/8295437.html.    Marshall, P. J. 2000. “The White Town of Calcutta under the Rule of the East India Company.” Modern Asian Studies 34 (2): 307–31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/313065.    Stuart, Tristram. 2007. The Bloodless Revolution: A Cultural History of Vegetarianism from 1600 to Modern Times. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Co.        See Also If you’re interested in hearing more of John Oswald, the vegetarian pikeman of the French revolution, Colleen Patrick-Goudreau recorded a podcast episode in which she read excerpts from his books (also on SoundCloud). And I came across history blogger Rodama reviewing Renan LaRue’s work on the treatment of vegetarianism by Voltaire, which is interesting further reading.

<p><em>The philosophers of Paris discuss reports of Indian vegetarianism, question the morality of eating animals, and inspire radicals who preach vegetarianism from the barricades of the French revolution.</em></p> <h2>Episode 11: Enlightenment</h2> <p>Ian traces a winding path of vegetarian inspiration from the personal diary of an Indian vegetarian working for the French, to the darkest corner of British imperial propaganda, to the Enlightenment’s favourite Paris café, to a rural retreat that inspired a social revolution, and to the squares where citizens plotted a real one.</p> <p><a href="http://feeds.soundcloud.com/stream/315118093-veganoption-veghist-ep11-enlightenment.mp" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Play or download (61MB MP3 43min)</a> <a href="http://itunes.apple.com/podcast/the-vegan-option-internet/id472440610" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">(via iTunes)</a> or <a href="http://theveganoption.org/2017/02/07/read-transcript-of-ep-11-enlightenment/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">read transcript</a></p> <p></p> <p>There are many vegetarians in eighteenth century southern India, but only one, Ananda Ranga Pillai, who kept a diary of his daily life – whilst serving as a senior aide to the French governor. Ian meets historian Prof B. Krishnamoorthy in a temple Pillai had built in the French capital.</p> <p>Meanwhile, the British produced a governor of Calcutta – John Zephaniah Holwell – whose fascination for Indian culture crosses into Hindu vegetarianism. Ian meets Prof Partha Chatterjee, an expert in the incident – the Black Hole of Calcutta – that made Holwell famous.</p> <p>Paris was the heart of the enlightenment, where the <em>Lumières</em> condemn organised religion and discuss the nature of humanity over coffee.</p> <p>Holwell and other writers out of India inspire the leading figure of the French Enlightenment, Voltaire, to criticise Christian attitudes to eating animals, and Ian meets vegan Voltaire expert Renan La Rue in the <em>Lumières’</em> favourite haunt, Café Procope.</p> <p>Then Ian and Renan visit the hillside home of Voltaire’s sentimental rival Rousseau, who suggested that children should be raised without the corruption of meat-eating, along with Prof Christophe Martin of the Sorbonne.</p> <p>The ideas are revolutionary; but it takes the radicals of the revolution to put them into practice. Ian visits Prof Pierre Serna at the Sorbonne, and travels to the heart of the French Revolution with Matthieu Ferradou to discover the vegetarian Scotsman who led the French revolutionaries in battle, and the Pythagorean aristocrat who dressed like an ancient Greek and was rumoured to have made possible the storming of the Bastille and the beginning of the revolution.</p> <p>It’s a chain that links the conservative vegetarianism of southern India to the heart of European radical politics.</p>  		 			#gallery-1 { 				margin: auto; 			} 			#gallery-1 .gallery-item { 				float: left; 				margin-top: 10px; 				text-align: center; 				width: 33%; 			} 			#gallery-1 img { 				border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; 			} 			#gallery-1 .gallery-caption { 				margin-left: 0; 			} 			/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */ 		 		 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/anandarangapillai_painting/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				Ananda Ranga Pillai, from painting held by family 				 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/monument_pd/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				The Holwell Monument, rebuilt 				 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/npg-d35936-john-zephaniah-holwell-by-henry-dixon-son-probably-after-robert-edge-pine/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				Portrait of John Zephaniah Holwell CC-BY-ND-NC NPG 				<br/> <a href="http://theveganoption.org/dscn2606/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				With Dr. B Krishnamurthy at the shrine just outside the Vaishnava temple 				 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/dscn3045/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				Cafe Procope advertises its famous guests 				 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/dscn3050_clean3642px/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				“When misanthropic Rousseau has nice thoughts …” 				<br/> <a href="http://theveganoption.org/img_20150122_140133/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				Matthieu Ferradou in Palais Royale 				 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/img_0190_clean_754px/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				Ian interviews Pauline Trebou in Rousseau’s old kitchen  				 			 				<a href="http://theveganoption.org/img_20150122_120008/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				Prof Pierre Serna in his office 				<br/> <a href="http://theveganoption.org/img_0169/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"></a> 			 				 				with Christophe Martin &amp; Renan LaRue in Mussée Rousseau 				 			<br/> <h3>Contributors:</h3> <ul> <li>Partha Chatterjee (<a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mesaas/faculty/directory/chatterjee.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Columbia University New York</a>)</li> <li>B. Krishnamurthy (<a href="http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/profile/dr-b-krishnamoorthy" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Pondicherry University</a>)</li> <li>Tristram Stuart (<a href="http://www.tristramstuart.co.uk/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">tristramstuart.co.uk</a>) (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristram_Stuart" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">on Wikipedia</a>) (<a href="https://twitter.com/TristramStuart" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">@TristramStuart</a> on Twitter)</li> <li>Renan Larue (<a href="http://www.frit.ucsb.edu/people/renan-larue" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">UC Santa Barbara</a>) <ul> <li>(Regardez <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N52i9AzdCr8" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">il parlent sur l’histoire végétarien</a> en Français)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Christophe Martin (<a href="http://www.paris-sorbonne.fr/article/martin-christophe" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Paris Sorbonne</a>)</li> <li>Pauline Prévot (of <a href="http://museejjrousseau.montmorency.fr/fr" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Musée Jean Jacques Rousseau Montmorency</a>)</li> <li>Pierre Serna (<a href="https://ihrf.univ-paris1.fr/equipe/pierre-serna/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">French Revolution Institute at Panthéon-Sorbonne Paris</a>) (<a href="http://www.ihmc.ens.fr/-SERNA-Pierre-.html?lang=fr" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Modern &amp; Contemporary History Institute, ENS</a>)</li> <li>Matthieu Ferradou (<a href="http://www.ihmc.ens.fr/-FERRADOU-Mathieu-309-.html?lang=fr" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Modern &amp; Contemporary History Institute, ENS</a>)</li> </ul> <h3>Readings</h3> <ul> <li>Ananda Ranga Pillai, Diary <ul> <li>vol V p334-5</li> <li>vol VI p265 (Nov 16 1749)</li> <li>vol VIII p296 (Apr 4 1753)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Voltaire, <a href="http://www.ivu.org/history/williams/porphyry.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">“Essays on the Encylopedia: Meat”</a>, 1770-4</li> <li>Rousseau <ul> <li><a href="http://www.ivu.org/history/renaissance/rousseau.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Emile, 1762</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Discourse_on_the_Origin_of_Inequality_Among_Men/Preface" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Discourse on the Origin and Foundation of Inequality Among Men, 1754</a></li> </ul> </li> <li>Bernardin St. Pierre <ul> <li><a href="http://www.ivu.org/history/williams/stpierre.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Paul et Virginie, 1788</a></li> <li>Letter to Brissot, see Stuart p 317</li> </ul> </li> <li>John Oswald <ul> <li><a href="http://www.ivu.org/history/renaissance/oswald.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">The Cry of Nature, 1794</a></li> <li>Review of the Constitution of Great Britain, 1792 (see Stuart p 301)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Marquis de Valadi <ul> <li><a href="https://archive.org/stream/biographicalanec001lond#page/n187/mode/1up" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Letter to Thomas Taylor,</a> about Piggot, 1788</li> <li><a href="https://archive.org/stream/recollectionsofs01brec#page/226/mode/2up" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Letter to Samuel Breck</a>, on the revolution, 1788</li> <li>Letter to aunt, 1794, taken from Stuart p. 330</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>Geek Reference of the Month</h3> <p>The “Black Hole of Calcutta” we visit this episode is almost certainly the namesake of the cosmological phenomenon.</p> <h3>Credits</h3> <p>The theme music is by Robb Masters.</p> <p>With the voices of Guillaume Blanchard, Brian Roberts, and Selva Rasalingham.</p> <p>My thanks to Vincent Migeotte, who acted as my volunteer fixer in Paris – in particular setting up location interviews at Café Procope and the Musée Rousseau; and to Elisabeth Lyman for translation and swapping flats.</p> <p>The featured image is <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Banyan_tree_with_Hindu_temples_at_Agori,_Bihar._Coloured_aqu_Wellcome_V0050478.jpg" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">“Banyan tree with Hindu temples at Agori, Bihar”</a> by Thomas Daniell, 1796, CC-BY Wellcome Trust – an early colonial vision of Indian religion to match the information about Indian religion that sets the episode in progress.</p> <p>This episode is kindly sponsored by Kickstarter backer <a href="https://en-gb.facebook.com/MartinTaylorCostumes/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Martin Taylor Costumes</a>, which specialises in vegan costumes, particularly ones for the eighteenth century, the period of this episode.</p> <h3>Bibliography</h3>    		1630116 		 		6NBUFVU2 		 		 		                  items 		1 		chicago-author-date 		 		default 		asc 		 		 		 		 		 		 		 		 		 		          		<a href="http://theveganoption.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://theveganoption.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/</a>  		    Guerrini, Anita. 1999. “A Diet for a Sensitive Soul: Vegetarianism in Eighteenth-Century Britain.” Eighteenth-Century Life 23 (2): 34–42. <a href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/10487" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://muse.jhu.edu/article/10487</a>.    Chevallier, Jim. 2009. Vegetarians in Old Regime France. <a href="https://www.academia.edu/232131/Vegetarians_in_18th_Century_France" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.academia.edu/232131/Vegetarians_in_18th_Century_France</a>.    Armand, Colin, ed. 2014. L’animal en révolution. Annales historiques de la Révolution française. Paris: Armand Colin : Société des études robespierristes. <a href="http://www.cairn.info/revue-annales-historiques-de-la-revolution-francaise-2014-3.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.cairn.info/revue-annales-historiques-de-la-revolution-francaise-2014-3.htm</a>.    Larue, Renan. 2014. Le végétarisme et ses ennemis: vingt-cinq siècles de débats. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.    Chatterjee, Partha. 2012. The Black Hole of Empire: History of a Global Practice of Power. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. <a href="http://site.ebrary.com/id/10542758" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://site.ebrary.com/id/10542758</a>.    Anantarankam Pillai, 1709-1761, and Henry Dodwell. 1900. The Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai. Madras : Printed by the Superintendent, Government Press. <a href="http://archive.org/details/diaryofanandaran05anan" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://archive.org/details/diaryofanandaran05anan</a>.    Davis, Michael, Iain McCalman, and Christina Parolin. 2005. Newgate in Revolution: An Anthology of Radical Prison Literature in the Age of Revolution. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1644300" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1644300</a>.    Gibson, Edgar C. S. (Edgar Charles Sumner). 1901. John Howard. London : Methuen. <a href="http://archive.org/details/johnhoward00gibsuoft" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://archive.org/details/johnhoward00gibsuoft</a>.    Erdman, David V. 1981. “The Man Who Was Not Napoleon.” Vol. XII, No. 1, Winter 1981.    Larue, Renan. 2010. “Le végétarisme dans l’œuvre de Voltaire (1762-1778).” Dix-huitième siècle 42 (1): 19. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3917/dhs.042.0019" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3917/dhs.042.0019</a>.    Parker, Reeve. 1988. “‘In Some Sort Seeing with My Proper Eyes’: Wordsworth and the Spectacles of Paris.” Studies in Romanticism 27 (3): 369–90. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/25600725" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.2307/25600725</a>.    “Valadi.” 1797. In Biographical Anecdotes of the Founders of the French Republic, and of Other Eminent Characters, Who Have Distinguished Themselves in the Progress of the Revolution., 150. London: Printed for R. Phillips, and sold by Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Debrett. <a href="http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/8295437.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/8295437.html</a>.    Marshall, P. J. 2000. “The White Town of Calcutta under the Rule of the East India Company.” Modern Asian Studies 34 (2): 307–31. <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/313065" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://www.jstor.org/stable/313065</a>.    Stuart, Tristram. 2007. The Bloodless Revolution: A Cultural History of Vegetarianism from 1600 to Modern Times. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Co.        <h3>See Also</h3> <p>If you’re interested in hearing more of John Oswald, the vegetarian pikeman of the French revolution, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102120215/http://www.colleenpatrickgoudreau.com/john-oswald-a-scottish-voice-for-compassion/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Colleen Patrick-Goudreau recorded a podcast episode in which she read excerpts from his books</a> (also on <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102120215/https://soundcloud.com/colleen-patrick-goudreau/an-appeal-to-mercy-and-justice-on-behalf-of-the-persecuted-animals" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">SoundCloud</a>).</p> <p>And I came across <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220102120215/http://rodama1789.blogspot.co.uk/2016/02/voltaire-vegetarian.html" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">history blogger Rodama reviewing Renan LaRue’s work on the treatment of vegetarianism by Voltaire</a>, which is interesting further reading.</p>

VegHist Ep 11: Enlightenment. Colonial India, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Les Bardus